The current addiction-rf is distinct from recent genetic factors21,27,39 that were based upon analyses of SUDs with other substance use, psychiatric, and behavioral traits. We focus on SUDs rather than measures of substance use or other externalizing traits, which prior data indicate have differing etiologies and relationships with psychiatric health9,40,41. Our study also parses substance-general (i.e., addiction-rf) and substance-specific loci. This approach distinguishes the addiction-rf from other genetic factors that have include substance use measures. For example, despite genetic overlap between the addiction-rf and a recent index of externalizing behaviors (rG=0.63)27, a significant portion of the variance in addiction-rf was distinct.
