Chunk #9 — METHODS — Nicotine Dependence and Smoking Phenotypes

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CHRNB3 is more strongly associated with Fagerström test for cigarette dependence-based nicotine dependence than cigarettes per day: phenotype definition changes genome-wide association studies results.

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We used several approaches to define the most appropriate phenotype for the genetic association analysis of smoking. First, to enhance sample homogeneity, we eliminated 143 individuals who had substance dependence diagnoses other than nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence, alcohol and cocaine dependence, or other substance abuse (except nicotine dependence). These 143 subjects are labeled as “Other” in the SAGE files available through the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP; accession number phs000092.v1.p1).