Analyses were conducted on baseline data from a randomized trial of Parents Who Care, a universal substance abuse prevention program (Haggerty, MacKenzie, Skinner, Harachi, & Catalano, 2006; Haggerty, Skinner, MacKenzie, & Catalano, 2007). Families with eighth-grade students were recruited from Seattle schools. Interested families received information letters and phone calls. Forty-six percent of contacted families (55% of African Americans and 46% of European Americans) consented to participate during the home visit, a rate comparable to similar family studies (Spoth, Redmond, & Shin, 2001). The resulting sample consisted of 163 African American families and 168 European American families with a teen in the eighth grade.
