The peripheral blood genetical genomics study population contained 1,469 unrelated individuals from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Some of these are healthy controls while others are patient samples. The 49 ulcerative colitis (UC) cases in this study are part of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort of the University Medical Centre Groningen. The 111 celiac disease samples were collected within the Barts and the London NHS Trust and the Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust. The 453 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) samples were collected within the NELSON study. The 856 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases and controls were collected in the University Medical Centre Utrecht. All samples were collected after informed consent and approved by local ethical review boards. Individual sample information is provided in Table S11.
