Coproduction of knowledge happened in multiple ways, as noted above. But the meetings within communities—involving individual intervention coalition staff, local policymakers and community members, CAB members (in some instances), and study team staff—produced some of the most important knowledge about barriers and facilitators to passage and enforcement of social host ordinances. In particular, these meetings reinforced the importance of local legal culture, such as the preference of many city attorneys for criminal ordinances, as opposed to civil ordinances, despite some evidence that civil ordinances are more efficacious [37]. In addition, most CAB member communities that had passed social host ordinances had criminal ordinances rather than civil ones. These discussions in the partnership for the study reinforced the common trade-offs between an academically defined best practice and practices that may be less effective, but more feasible to institutionalize, in local communities.
