We conducted a focused survey of the peer-reviewed, published literature for measured gene and environment alcohol studies that focus on U.S. racial and ethnic minority populations to inform the current state of the science in this area. The results of our literature review are presented in Table 1. Key terms for this search included “gene-environment”, “gene × environment”, “alcohol”, “substance use”, “divers*”, “ethnic*”, “race”, “racial”, “Latin*”, “Hispanic”, “African American”, “Asian American”, “Native American”, and “American Indian”. The primary search engine used was Google Scholar. In addition, an author search based on key researchers in this area was conducted and a number of researchers were contacted directly to explore any current research efforts being conducted and additional relevant researchers that should be considered. Below, we have reviewed the identified studies in terms of the racial/ethnic population groups, phenotypes, genetic variants, and environmental influences studied. We also present some of the challenges for GxE research evidenced in these studies.
