Standing back to widen our perspective, must we ask if our animal models are adequate for understanding the effects of ethanol on humans? Can we begin to model the genetic diversity of humans, the neurobiology, endocrinology, and enhanced complexity of the human being? Can we apply the knowledge gained from laboratory animals to develop treatments for ethanol addiction, toxicity, and dependence? History would argue the answer is yes, so our challenge is to choose the most important questions and persevere in the complexity of the problem to make contributions to science and society.
