Bokura et al. (2001) have implicated the origin of the N2 to the right lateral orbitofrontal and cingulate cortex brain areas. More recent studies on source analysis of the N2 indicate a cortical generator in the frontal midline area, consistent with the position of the dorsal ACC (e.g., Nieuwenhuis et al., 2004; van Veen and Carter, 2002). The ACC is shown to be associated with self-monitoring and directed attention in conditions that require response control or conflict resolution (e.g., Botvinick et al., 1999; Luu and Pederson, 2004; for review see Botvinick et al., 2004; Ridderinkhof et al., 2004a).
