(12). Zhang et al. found that rs524731, rs511435, rs3823010, and rs495491 were nominally to significantly associated in 429 European American DSM-defined opioid dependent cases and controls (19), who were ascertained in parallel to the African Americans from the CIDR – Gelernter Study that we included in our study. We tested the prior SNPs or their proxies across the cohorts used in the current study and found statistically significant evidence to support their associations (smallest meta-analysis P=2.7×10−8 for rs3823010, Table 3). Rs3823010 was not associated with OPRM1 expression (smallest P=0.12, Table S5). Nonetheless, the directions of association for the previously reported SNPs were consistent with our rs3778150 finding: the minor alleles being associated with increased risk. The regulatory potentials of the prior SNPs were hypothesized given their positions in a noncoding region (12, 19, 63).
