Chunk #112 — 9.0 Selective Review of Electrophysiological Biomarkers as Candidate Endophenotypes — 9.1 A review of how well candidate endophenotypes satisfy threshold criteria
Table 5 lists a variety of electrophysiological measures that are either considered biomarkers or endophenotypes. We searched PubMed using variations of “endophenotype,” “intermediate phenotype,” and “biomarker” together with “electrophysiology,” “psychophysiology,” and terms specifying more specific physiological measures or classes of measures (e.g., “event-related potential or ERP,” “autonomic,” “EEG”, and so on). The table provides citations for studies that support each measure as a biomarker or endophenotype, particularly meta-analyses, which are indicated by bold face, and reviews, indicated by italics, as well as key papers. Table 5 addresses the Threshold Criteria in Table 1 that we identified as necessary for treating a phenotype as a candidate endophenotype: association with a clinical phenotype, heritability, presence in unaffected relatives, and evidence for a shared genetic liability. We have attempted to be systematic and thorough in our search of PubMed, although it is not possible to be exhaustive. We did not include measures reflecting neurobiological systems that appear to be disrupted by environmental adversity and stress, such as EEG asymmetry in infants and children associated with psychosocial risk. We also did not include putative
