Despite the potential for clinical translation, recent theoretical and empirical studies showed that PRS have decreased cross-population prediction accuracy, especially when the discovery and target samples are genetically distant7–10. As existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were predominantly conducted in individuals of European descent11–14, the poor transferability of PRS across populations has impeded its clinical implementation and raised health disparity concerns7. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the accuracy of cross-population polygenic prediction in order to maximize the clinical potential of PRS and ensure equitable delivery of precision medicine to global populations.
