amongst individuals with schizophrenia and depression is in large part due to smoking-related mortality (Royal College of Physicians, 2013). The effects were modelled on all-cause mortality and lung cancer but no difference to the best fitting value of half-life was observed. We hope that using all-cause mortality as an outcome makes the lifetime smoking instrument broadly applicable to exploring multiple outcomes. Furthermore, the same effects are observed using smoking initiation as the exposure, which does not include the simulated variable.
