visits (0.93). Three-year stability coefficients for the total sample was adequate (0.40), particularly when considering that use trajectories may not yet have stabilized during adolescence. Test-retest reliability among a college-aged sample is reported to be much higher (e.g., 0.88 at 1 year) in other studies (Miller et al., 2002). The ABCD Study employs a shorter, 18-item version of the RAPI, which is reported to correlate very highly (0.99) with the 23-item version (White and Labouvie, 2000, White and Labouvie, 2018). Participants are instructed to indicate how often they experienced specific problems “within the past 6 months” because of their alcohol drinking (e.g., “Neglected your responsibilities”) using a 4-point Likert scale: 0 times; 1–2 times; 3–5 times; or 5+ times.
