A variety of previous studies suggest that there is an increased risk for developing attention deficit disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and substance abuse in adolescents and children who had been exposed to prenatal nicotine (Fergusson, Woodward, & Horwood, 1998; Linnet et al., 2005; Maughan, et al., 2004; Mick, Biederman, Faraone, Sayer, & Kleinman, 2002; Milberger, Biederman, Faraone, Chen, & Jones, 1996; Paz, et al., 2007; Thapar et al., 2003; Weissman, Warner, Wickramaratne, & Kandel, 1999). However, others suggest that these associations are due less to prenatal nicotine and more to shared familial influences, including genetics (D’Onofrio, Singh, Iliadou,Lambe, Hultman, Grann, et al., 2010; D’Onofrio, Singh, Iliadou, Lambe, Hultman, Neiderhiser, et al., 2010; D’Onofrio et al., 2008; Knopik, 2009; Knopik, McGeary, Nugent, Francazio, & Heath, 2010; Kuja-Halkola, et al., 2010; Lumley & Levy, 2000; Rice et al., 2009; Rice et al., 2010; Thapar et al., 2007; Thapar et al., 2009). In their manuscript, Paz and colleagues used a self-administered maternal nicotine consumption model to assess how prenatal nicotine exposure might influence a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders in mice (Paz,
