Human iPSC models provide a powerful approach for elucidating AUD etiology, permitting developmental and functional characterization of the effects of SNPs on cellular mechanisms, while retaining a participant's unique genetic background. 25 , 26 The NIAAA/COGA Sharing Repository possesses an extensive collection of cryopreserved lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cells collected from COGA participants that have undergone substantial phenotypic and genotypic characterization, providing an essential tool for investigating mechanisms underlying AUD and related addiction phenotypes. Reprogrammed into iPSC, these cells can then be differentiated into neural progenitor cells (NPCs), 27 neurons, 28 astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. 29 , 30 , 31
