All cohorts included in this study enrolled participants with informed consent and collected and analyzed data in accordance with ethical and institutional regulations. Information about individual institutional review board approvals is available in the original publications for each cohort. Where applicable, data access agreements were signed by the investigators previous to acquisition of the data, either to the UMCG (AMP-AD, CMC, GTEx, CMC_HBCC, BrainSeq, UCLA_ASD, BrainGVEX, BipSeq and NABEC) or Biogen (TargetALS and Braineac), which state the data usage terms. To protect the privacy of the participants, data access was restricted to the investigators of this study, as defined in those data access agreements. Per data use agreements, only summary level data is made publicly available and strictly mentioned in the disclaimer that they cannot be used to re-identify study participants.