A necessary, albeit underappreciated, consequence of low power is that it increases the false discovery rate—the proportion of “discoveries” (significant results) in a field that actually represent type I errors (33, 34). Other factors influencing the false discovery rate are the chosen type I error rate (typically α=0.05) and the proportion of tested hypotheses that are correct (the prior). Given these parameters, calculation of the false discovery rate is straightforward: FDR=α(1−prior)α(1−prior)+(power∗prior)
