One-way ANOVA revealed that there were no significant age differences between the periadolescent participants in the active task and those in the passive task. To address the first major research question, Multivariate Analysis of Variance with repeated measures (MANOVA) was used to determine if, the values for energy (E), phase locking index (PLI) or phase difference locking index (PDLI) for the three electrode locations (Frontal Cortex (FZ), Central Cortex (CZ), Parietal Cortex (PZ)), differed between the infrequent and frequent tones, or differed between the active and passive task in the periadolescent humans. In the active task MANOVA revealed that no significant overall differences were found in measures of ERO energy for the effect of tone (frequent vs. infrequent tone) or for group (active vs. passive task). However, there were significant overall effects of electrode location (F=6.7, df=2,174, p<0.002) (grand means: FZ=54.4 ± 6.8, CZ=64.1 ± 6.8, PZ=88.4 ± 6.8), with the Parietal cortex having higher energy than the Central or Frontal cortices, as seen in Table 1. Evaluation of PLI values using MANOVA with repeated measures revealed a significant main
