GWAS samples included two cohorts of unrelated African Americans who participated in a GWAS for T2DM and nephropathy. The community nondiabetic GWAS cohort (cohort 1) consisted of 816 subjects who reported no history of diabetes were recruited from the community and internal medicine clinics at Wake Forest University School of Medicine. The diabetic GWAS cohort (cohort 2) consisted of 899 subjects with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) recruited from dialysis facilities in the southeastern United States (26).
