did not have any other personal and/or family history of major medical or psychiatric disorders and substance-related addictive illnesses. Subjects who had positive findings (for their recent drug use within 48 hours) in the urine screen and Breathalyzer test were excluded from the study. Subjects with hearing or visual impairment, liver disease, or head injury were also excluded from the study. The individuals who scored less than 21 on the mini mental state examination (MMSE) (Folstein et al., 1975) were excluded from the study in order to rule out possible cognitive deficits due to an organic pathology. The MMSE scores in the final sample ranged from 21 to 30 with a mean of 27.77 for alcoholics while controls had a score range of 23–30 with a mean of 27.88. Experimental procedures and ethical guidelines were in accordance with approval of the institutional review board (IRB).
