Eleven SNPs (rs2641348, rs10490072, rs7578597, rs17036101, rs4607103, rs9472138, rs864745, rs12779790, rs1153188, rs10923931, and rs7961581) were followed up in the stage 3 samples, from the deCODE, KORA, Danish, HUNT, NHS, GEM Consortium (CCC, EPIC, ADDITION/Ely, Norfolk) and METSIM studies (Supplementary Table 1; Supplementary Methods).