We examined results in our case control sample for genes that were previously associated with alcoholism in our family-based sample. Among the best-supported findings was the ANKK1/DRD2 region (Dick et al., 2007b), in which 24 SNPs were nominally associated with dependence and 22 with early onset; SNPs extending through TTC12 were also significant, supporting results from Yang et al. (Yang et al., 2007). Three GWAS SNPs in NFKB1 were nominally associated with early onset alcoholism, as were more extending upstream, consistent with our previous work (Edenberg et al., 2008). Thirty-two SNPs in GRM8 (Chen et al., 2009), encoding metabotropic glutamate receptor 8, were associated with early onset of dependence. There was also nominal support for PDYN (Xuei et al., 2006), CHRNA3 and CHRNA5 (Wang et al., 2009), and (among AA only) CHRM2 (Wang et al., 2004). In the ADH gene cluster (Edenberg et al., 2006), SNPs in ADH4 were not significant in this GWAS, although 15 SNPs (particularly in the region between ADH1B and ADH1A) were. Genes encoding GABAA receptors continued to provide evidence for association with alcoholism. A SNP
