Cigarette smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for premature death, costing nearly six million human lives per year throughout the world (Warren et al. 2008). According to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking-related diseases rank as the second leading cause of death in the world, and it is expected that the prolonged pattern of current tobacco consumption will double the number of deaths annually by 2020 (WHO; http://www.who.int). Further, cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases (Giovino 2007; Muller and Wehb 2008; Vianna et al. 2008).
