even though the animals had an intact dependence induction phase. These results are consistent with those established previously showing that MMP expression is necessary for the occurrence of plasticity associated with learning (Meighan et al., 2007; Meighan et al., 2006; Wright et al., 2007; Wright et al., 2009). Furthermore, the acquisition and reconsolidation of cocaine-induced conditioned place preferences have been blocked by MMP inhibition via FN-439 (Brown et al., 2007).