Various tower tasks have been used to demonstrate deficits in the domains of problem-solving and planning. In these studies, alcohol-exposed children display increased perseverations on incorrect strategies, increased rule violations, fewer passed items overall, and decreased initial time planning a strategy to complete each problem than typically-developing controls (Aragon, Kalberg, et al., 2008; Green, Mihic, Nikkel, et al., 2009; Kodituwakku, Handmaker, Cutler, Weathersby, & Handmaker, 1995; Mattson, Goodman, Caine, Delis, & Riley, 1999).
