FHP participants (n = 95) had to have at least 1 biological parent screen positive (≥3 DSM-IV abuse or dependence items) for a history of AUD on the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism IV (SSAGA) interview.24 If the affected parent was unavailable for interview, the Family History Assessment Module (FHAM) was used with the other biological parent or the adolescent participant (if he/she was 18 years of age) as the informant. Participants in the FHN group were required to have both biological parents screen negative for AUD using the FHAM. The Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria (FHRDC) scale was administered to determine the number of first- and second-degree family members with AUD and mood disorders.25 Participants were excluded if their mothers reported having more than three drinks of alcohol per week at any point during pregnancy. The highest education level of the participant’s two parents was used as a proxy for socioeconomic status. Past or current use of substances other than alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco was exclusionary for FHP and FHN groups. Problem level use (scores > 7)
