Smoking behavior is confounded with alcohol use and increases the risk of mortality. Although all analyses were adjusted for smoking behavior in the NHIS sample, we also specifically evaluated the association between frequency of non-binge drinking and mortality in the NHIS subsample of individuals who never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (N=155,308). Consistent with the overall dataset, among never smokers who typically drank 1–2 drinks at a time and never binged, increased all-cause mortality was seen with daily or near-daily drinking (Supplementary Figure s1) relative to the never smokers who drank the same amount, but only 3–4 days per week.
