Figure 4 shows the time courses of factor loadings for the first six CSD factors extracted (91.7% explained variance after rotation)6 and corresponding factor score topographies for five meaningful CSD components expected for each condition. Labels reflect the peak latency of the factor loadings relative to stimulus onset. The extracted factors closely paralleled those of Tenke et al. (2010). A characteristic auditory N1 sink dipole generator pattern spanning the Sylvian fissure (auditory cortex) was observed over each hemisphere (most prominent for targets and novels), which merged into a systematically delayed sink over temporal sites. This temporal N1 sink was accompanied by a mid-central P2 source for nontargets, and an additional focal sink at FCz for novels (novelty MMN or novelty N2 sink; cf. Tenke et al., 2010). A robust NVS (novels only) preceded a classical P3b source with a mid-parietal maximum for targets, which included a mid-frontal P3a source, particularly for novels. As expected, a distinct FRN was seen for targets, with a peak latency of about 50-ms after the mean response latency (Table 2; cf. Kayser et al., 2007).
