to 20% within 2 weeks indicating that the conversion towards neuronal fates is substantially faster and more efficient than iPS cell formation. Also in contrast to induction of pluripotency, the iN cell reprogramming does not require cell proliferation, which is arguably a more favorable condition for epigenetic changes and a key mediator of iPS cell reprogramming (Hong et al., 2009; Kawamura et al., 2009; Li et al., 2009; Marion et al., 2009; Utikal et al., 2009).