Q P-value = 0.01) suggesting the NTR1 rs588765 T allele frequency is not the cause of observed heterogeneity at this locus. Furthermore, results from a random effects model (automatically generated by PLINK) were nearly identical for rs588765 (fixed effects beta = −0.009, P = 0.297, random effects beta = −0.005, P = 0.402). Thus, heterogeneity across samples is unlikely to be driving the association results for AOS with these two SNPs.