another individual of the same population. This corrects for the p-value inflation since p-values from permuted datasets are also inflated. A total of 803, 735 and 651 genes were detected as significant for the 4-population, 3-population and 2-population pools, corresponding to 1083 distinct genes and FDR at 1-2%. The overlap between the multi-population and the single population analysis (Figure 2A) demonstrates that this methodology captures the vast majority of population shared associations that were detected in the single population analysis – as expected - but also captures a large number of additional cis effects (example in Figure 2B). Most of the effects detected in the multi-population analysis are smaller (R2 = 0.08-0.41) than those detected in single populations (Figure 2C), which is a direct function of the increase in the analyzed sample size.
