The second alcohol withdrawal phenotype classified as affected those subjects who met criteria for DSM-IV alcohol dependence and also responded affirmatively to at least one of two questions: (1) “When you stopped, cut down, or went without drinking, did you have fits, seizures, or convulsions, where you lost consciousness, fell to the floor, and had difficulty remembering what happened;” or (2) “Did you have the DT’s, where you were very confused, extremely shaky, felt very frightened or nervous, or saw things that weren’t really there when you stopped, cut down, or went without drinking?” Subjects who were classified as DSM-IV and responded negatively to both questions were considered unaffected. All other subjects were considered unknown (Table 1). This phenotype is termed withdrawal with seizures.
