In addition to widely studied variants in ADH1B and ALDH2, two functional polymorphisms (rs1693482 and rs698) in ADH1C are known to regulate alcohol metabolism and have been found to have a protective influence on alcohol consumption.33 Unlike rs1229984 in ADH1B and rs671 in ALDH2, which are uncommon and absent respectively, in non-Asian populations, the ADH1C polymorphisms are common. In addition to metabolism genes, serotonergic variants have also been implicated in the etiology of alcoholism.34 However, a meta-analysis of the commonly studied serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) polymorphism found only weak association (odds ratio (OR)=1.2, P<0.05) with alcoholism.35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41
