Several caveats must be kept in mind when viewing these findings. On the positive side, the SDPS is a large study with intensive follow-up interviews carried out about every five years over 30 years. The project was structured to allow for evaluation of the development of AUDs and related problems over time in individuals for whom the impact of several additional factors that affect the risk for alcoholism was partially controlled. Thus, the probands did not have severe conduct problems or prior histories of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, each of which enhance the risk for all substance-related disorders (Schuckit, 2006a,b; Yip et al., 2012). Those steps were taken to optimize the ability to evaluate the relationship between the low LR to alcohol and the future development of AUDs. These deliberate exclusions were also likely to have contributed to selecting probands with future high levels of functioning despite their elevated risk for AUDs. However, those steps and the relative homogeneity of the sample regarding sex, education, and race potentially limited the generalizability of the findings. An additional caveat is that, while
