The coefficients of the inflated part suggest that gender was not associated with not engaging in HED at age 12. However, for Caucasian respondents, males were less likely than females to remain abstinent as age increased yearly (γs = −.11, p < .01). No gender differences were found for African American respondents in HED abstinence as age increased yearly. For both Caucasian and African American respondents, higher levels of parental educational attainment increased the probability of abstaining from HED at age 12 (p < .01), but reduced the probability of Caucasian adolescents abstaining from HED as age increased yearly (p < .01). In addition, the coefficients of the inflated part suggest that, as compared with children from one-parent households, children from two-parent households had higher probabilities of abstaining from HED at age 12 (p < .01). However, Caucasian children from two-parent households had a lower probability of not engaging in HED as age increased yearly (p = .04). For both Caucasian and African American respondents, access to alcohol at home reduced the probability of not engaging in HED at age
