Figure 2 shows the extent of lifetime co-occurring cannabis and tobacco use in the United States, based on data collected by the National Household Survey on Drug Use and Health in 2009 (NSDUH, estimated using available data: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/studies/29621). In the U.S. population aged 12 and older, lifetime prevalence of cigarette smoking was 60.6% for females and 69.3% for males. Cannabis use was reported by 37.1% of females and 46.4% of males. Importantly, 57.9% of cigarette smokers (compared with 11.9% of non smokers) reported a lifetime history of cannabis use while 90% of cannabis users (vs. 46.8% of nonusers) reported being cigarette smokers at some point during their lifetime. Similarly elevated rates of recent (not lifetime) nicotine dependence in cannabis users and cannabis use disorders in cigarette smokers are noted (Figure 2). Additionally, both disorders co-occur with 4.9% (vs. 1.2%) of those with past month nicotine dependence reporting past year cannabis use disorders and 37.5% (vs. 12.9%) of those with cannabis use disorders meeting criteria for nicotine dependence.
