parent-child relationships, and family functioning can reduce the risk of alcohol misuse among adolescents with the GABRA2 TT genotype, especially during early to mid-adolescence, a crucial window for the prevention of future alcohol abuse or dependence. Moreover, these results provide strong evidence for gene-environment interaction related to the GABRA2 gene because the intervention “environment” was randomly assigned, thus breaking the genotype-environment correlation that is often present in tests of gene-environment interaction where the environment is naturally occurring (van IJzendoorn & Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2015).
