Studies concerning the utility of an endophenotype, criteria 7 through 10 in Table 1, were hard to find, and are certainly fewer in number than those focused on establishing whether a putative endophenotype meets threshold criteria utility. The majority concern criterion #7 that an endophenotype should predict development of a disorder. This includes studies examining a candidate endophenotype's longitudinal stability during development. For instance, P300 amplitude (Carlson & Iacono, 2006; Yoon et al., 2015), amplitude of the error-related negativity (ERN) (Meyer, Weinberg, Klein, & Hajcak, 2012) or feedback negativity (FN) (Bress, Meyer, & Proudfit, 2015), and resting heart rate (Baker et al., 2009) are stable during transitions from childhood to adolescence or from adolescence into young adulthood. A number of studies have evaluated the predictive utility of candidate endophenotypes. For instance, EEG alpha power in childhood has been found to predict antisocial behavior in adolescent male twins, which was due to genetic liability shared between endophenotype and outcome (Niv et al., 2015); alpha asymmetry has been found to predict depression (Mitchell & Possel, 2012); reduced delta and theta event-related power
