Heritability of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Brikell, Isabell; Kuja-Halkola, Ralf; Larsson, Henrik
- Year
- 2015
- Journal
- American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics
- PMID
- 26129777
- DOI
- 10.1002/ajmg.b.32335
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Symptoms often persist into adulthood, with a prevalence of 2.5-5% in adult populations. Twin studies in childhood consistently report high heritabilities of 70-80%, while studies in adult samples show only moderate heritability of 30-40% when estimated from self-ratings. This review summarizes the available research on the heritability of ADHD in adults. Three key findings are outlined: (i) self-ratings lead to relatively low heritability estimates of ADHD, independent of age and whether ratings refer to current or retrospective symptoms; (ii) studies relying on different informants to rate each twin within a pair (i.e., self-ratings and different parents/teachers rating each twin in a pair) consistently yield lower heritability estimates than studies relying on ratings from a single informant; (iii) studies using cross-informant data via either combined parent and self-ratings or clinical diagnoses information suggest that the heritability of ADHD in adults could be as high as 70-80%. Together, the reviewed studies suggest that the previously reported low heritability of ADHD in adults is unlikely to reflect a true developmental change. Instead, the drop in heritability is better explained by rater effects related to a switch from using one rater for both twins in a pair (parent/teacher) in childhood, to relying on self-ratings (where each twin rates themselves) of ADHD symptoms in adulthood. When rater effects are addressed using cross-informant approaches, the heritability of ADHD in adults appears to be comparable to the heritability of ADHD in childhood. Β© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks β full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Meta-Analyses of Externalizing Disorders: Genetics or Prenatal Alcohol Exposure? | 2018 | 29063614 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult ADHD in Cultural Ecosocial Niches: Exploring the Rise of Adult ADHD in Context. | Ruse JN et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Depression and Crime Across Different Neighborhoods in the Swedish General Population. | Tayebi N et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Maternal infection - but not inflammation - is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms during childhood: a population-based cohort study. | Zarchev M et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Abnormal Association Between Neural Activity and Genetic Expressions of Impulsivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. | Jeon S et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| A Call to Analyze Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation in Psychopathology Research: An Illustration with ADHD and Internalizing Symptoms in Emerging Adults. | Hartung CM et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults: evidence base, uncertainties and controversies. | Cortese S et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and bullying victimization from childhood to adolescence - A within-person cross-lagged approach. | Stenseng F et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Comparative analysis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in China and worldwide based on the Global Burden of Disease study. | Gao L et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in visual attention and oculomotor control in early infancy. | Siqueiros-Sanchez M et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Increasing Health Literacy on ADHD: A Cross-Disciplinary Integrative Review Examining the Impact of ADHD on Brain Maturation, Composition and Function and Cognitive Processes Across the Life Course. | Brown LE et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Neuroprotective effects of gastrodin against bisphenol A induced-ADHD-like symptoms in rats. | Saifi MA et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Parental kynurenine 3-monooxygenase genotype in mice directs sex-specific behavioral outcomes in offspring. | Milosavljevic S et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Using Bifactor Twin Modeling to Assess the Genetic and Environmental Dimensionality of Adult ADHD Symptoms. | Knyspel J et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Faraone SV et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Bioinformatic Evaluation of <i>KLF13</i> Genetic Variant: Implications for Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Symptoms. | Vinci M et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| The Transgender and Gender Diverse and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Nexus: A Systematic Review. | Goetz TG et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| ADHD genetic burden associates with older epigenetic age: mediating roles of education, behavioral and sociodemographic factors among older adults. | Arpawong TE et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| An overview on neurobiology and therapeutics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | da Silva BS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| [Birth conditions and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in adults in the Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohorts of 1982 and 1993]. | Farias CP et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Features of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and antisocial behaviour in a general population-based sample of adults. | Dayan H et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Genetic architecture of ADHD and overlap with other psychiatric disorders and cognition-related phenotypes. | RibasΓ©s M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Identifying different patterns of emotion dysregulation in adult ADHD. | Martz E et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neurogenetic mechanisms of risk for ADHD: Examining associations of polygenic scores and brain volumes in a population cohort. | He Q et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Accounting for age of onset and family history improves power in genome-wide association studies. | Pedersen EM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Differences in the genetic architecture of common and rare variants in childhood, persistent and late-diagnosed attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. | Rajagopal VM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Genetic identification of tissues and cell types underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Wei WQ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Genetics in the ADHD Clinic: How Can Genetic Testing Support the Current Clinical Practice? | Balogh L et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Relevance of Ο-6 GLA Added to Ο-3 PUFAs Supplements for ADHD: A Narrative Review. | D'Helft J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Shared Genetic Factors Contributing to the Overlap between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Overweight/Obesity in Swedish Adolescent Girls and Boys. | Javaras KN et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The Link between ADHD Symptoms and Antisocial Behavior: The Moderating Role of the Protective Factor Sense of Coherence. | Dayan H et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| A population-based family clustering study of tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Brander G et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Association between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Offspring: The Mediating Role of Antepartum Health Risks. | Moon DS et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Behavioral and cognitive functioning in individuals with CantΓΊ syndrome. | Roessler HI et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) revisited - a review-update on common grounds and subtle distinctions. | Ditrich I et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Do borderline personality disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder co-aggregate in families? A population-based study of 2 million Swedes. | Kuja-Halkola R et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Elevated risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Japanese children with higher genetic susceptibility to ADHD with a birth weight under 2000 g. | Rahman MS et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Gene-Environment Interactions in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Dimensions: The Role of Unhealthy Food Habits. | Li L et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Insights into attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from recent genetic studies. | Brikell I et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Integrating genomics and transcriptomics: Towards deciphering ADHD. | Pujol-Gualdo N et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy and physiological anxiety in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. | Zambrano-SΓ‘nchez E et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and dietary habits in adulthood: A large population-based twin study in Sweden. | Li L et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Brain Network Connectivity and Association with Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene Polymorphism in Korean Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children. | Park JH et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Clinical versus automated assessments of morphological variants in twins with and without neurodevelopmental disorders. | Myers L et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Development of the Korean Practice Parameter for Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. | Bahn GH et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| EEG spectral power, but not theta/beta ratio, is a neuromarker for adult ADHD. | Kiiski H et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Energy Metabolism Disturbances in Cell Models of PARK2 CNV Carriers with ADHD. | Palladino VS et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Functional EEG connectivity is a neuromarker for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. | Kiiski H et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Psychiatric Polygenic Risk Scores as Predictor for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Clinical Child and Adolescent Sample. | Jansen AG et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Research Review: The strength of the genetic overlap between ADHD and other psychiatric symptoms - a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Andersson A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Shared genetic background between children and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Rovira P et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The contribution of common genetic risk variants for ADHD to a general factor of childhood psychopathology. | Brikell I et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Visual exogenous and endogenous attention and visual memory in preschool children who stutter. | Wagovich SA et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| ADGRL3 rs6551665 as a Common Vulnerability Factor Underlying Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. | Kappel DB et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Antibiotic Exposure in the First Year of Life and the Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study. | Hamad AF et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Borderline Personality Disorder In Adults: A Review Of Their Links And Risks. | Weiner L et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Cross-species models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: lessons from CNTNAP2, ADGRL3, and PARK2. | Dalla Vecchia E et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Dynamical properties of elemental metabolism distinguish attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from autism spectrum disorder. | Austin C et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Genetic and environmental contribution to the overlap between ADHD and ASD trait dimensions in young adults: a twin study. | Ghirardi L et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. | Faraone SV et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Neuroinflammation as a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. | Dunn GA et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Prenatal maternal stress and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Manzari N et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. | Kooij JJS et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Association of Polygenic Risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Co-occurring Traits and Disorders. | Du Rietz E et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Associations between polygenic risk scores for four psychiatric illnesses and brain structure using multivariate pattern recognition. | Ranlund S et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Controversy, Developmental Mechanisms, and Multiple Levels of Analysis. | Hinshaw SP | β | 2018 | β |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, joint hypermobility-related disorders and pain: expanding body-mind connections to the developmental age. | Baeza-Velasco C et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Common and specific genes and peripheral biomarkers in children and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Bonvicini C et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Emerging role of miRNA in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. | Srivastav S et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Emotion dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and borderline personality disorder. | Moukhtarian TR et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan. | Franke B et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Mapping the genetics of neuropsychological traits to the molecular network of the human brain using a data integrative approach | Yousaf A et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Meta-Analyses of Externalizing Disorders: Genetics or Prenatal Alcohol Exposure? | Wetherill L et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Treatment of adult ADHD: a clinical perspective. | Geffen J et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Trends in use of prescription stimulants in the United States and Territories, 2006 to 2016. | Piper BJ et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Commentary: Important design features to consider in observational research on the long-term outcomes of ADHD - reflections on Sibley etΒ al. (2017) and Swanson etΒ al. (2017). | Larsson H | β | 2017 | β |
| Estimating the Heritability of Structural and Functional Brain Connectivity in Families Affected by Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. | Sudre G et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Evidence of sexual dimorphism of HTR1B gene on major adult ADHD comorbidities. | MΓΌller D et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Genetic and environmental aspects in the association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and binge-eating behavior in adults: a twin study. | Capusan AJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Replicated association of Synaptotagmin (SYT1) with ADHD and its broader influence in externalizing behaviors. | Cupertino RB et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Risk factors for comorbid oppositional defiant disorder in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Noordermeer SDS et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic, pharmacogenetic and biochemical studies. | Bonvicini C et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Familial influences on the full range of variability in attention and activity levels during adolescence: A longitudinal twin study. | Peng CZ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Functional consequences of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder on children and their families. | Usami M | β | 2016 | β |
| Self-report of ADHD shows limited agreement with objective markers of persistence and remittance. | Du Rietz E et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The role of ASTN2 variants in childhood and adult ADHD, comorbid disorders and associated personality traits. | Freitag CM et al. | β | 2016 | β |