Research Review: Williams syndrome: a critical review of the cognitive, behavioral, and neuroanatomical phenotype.
paper
Cited
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- Authors
- Martens, Marilee A; Wilson, Sarah J; Reutens, David C
- Year
- 2008
- Journal
- Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
- PMID
- 18489677
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01887.x
This review critically examines the research findings which characterize the cognitive, behavioral, and neuroanatomical features of Williams syndrome (WS). This article analyzes 178 published studies in the WS literature covering the following areas: 1) General intelligence, 2) Language skills, 3) Visuospatial and face processing skills, 4) Behavior patterns and hypersociability, 5) Musical abilities, and 6) Brain structure and function. We identify methodological issues relating to small sample size, use and type of control groups, and multiple measures of task performance. Previously described 'peaks' within the cognitive profile are closely examined to assess their veracity. This review highlights the need for methodologically sound studies that utilize multiple comparison groups, developmental trajectories, and longitudinal analyses to examine the WS phenotype, as well as those that link brain structure and function to the cognitive and behavioral phenotype of WS individuals.
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In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Copy number variations in 6q14.1 and 5q13.2 are associated with alcohol dependence. | 2012 | 22702843 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A systematic review and meta-analysis of morphosyntactic skills in Williams syndrome. | Almería-Morena M et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Behaviour and Psychopathology in Preschool Children with William Syndrome and the Effects of Age, Sex and Cognition. | Miezah D et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Everyday Executive Functioning Profiles in Adults with Down Syndrome. | Miezah D et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Modeling Williams syndrome from a neurodevelopmental perspective: recent advances, model-based translational insights and future directions. | Chen YY et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Orthodontic-Surgical Approach for Treating Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with Severe Mandibular Hypoplasia in Williams Syndrome. | Murotani T et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Anxiety in Young Children with Williams Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study. | Reeve JL et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Beyond Uniform Impairment: Investigating Declarative Memory Profiles in Nonspecific Mild Intellectual Disability Using Latent Profile Analysis. | Sajewicz-Radtke U et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Brain Monoamine Deficits in the CD Mouse Model of Williams-Beuren Syndrome. | Aman C et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Music and Language in Williams Syndrome: An Integrative and Systematic Mini-Review. | Villatte J et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Towards a genetics of semantics? False memories and semantic memory organization in Williams syndrome. | Romero-Rivas C et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| [Characteristics of early cognitive development in children with Williams syndrome: a prospective cohort study]. | Yao D et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Friendships in Children with Williams Syndrome: Parent and Child Perspectives. | Gillooly AE et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Home literacy environment and literacy outcomes in individuals with Williams syndrome and Down syndrome. | Lettington J et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Intensive Care Unit Analgosedation After Cardiac Surgery in Children with Williams Syndrome : a Matched Case-Control Study. | Mills M et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Metabolic profiling reveals altered amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in children with Williams Syndrome. | Chen W et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| News insights into social cognition in Williams syndrome from a comprehensive assessment and a virtual reality task. | Butti N et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Symptoms of autism in Williams syndrome: a transdiagnostic approach. | Willfors C et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| The role of social motivation in sharing and fairness: insights from Williams syndrome. | Foti F et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| A Large Turkish Cohort of Williams Syndrome: The Evaluation of Facial, Cardiovascular, and Neuropsychiatric Features. | Bozlak S et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Contextual effects on the figurative processing of nouns and verbs in people with Williams syndrome. | Hsu CF | — | 2023 | → |
| Distinct neuroanatomical and neuropsychological features of Down syndrome compared to related neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review. | Hamadelseed O et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Early Neurobehavioral Characterization of the CD Mouse Model of Williams-Beuren Syndrome. | Giannoccaro S et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| <i>baz1b</i> loss-of-function in zebrafish produces phenotypic alterations consistent with the domestication syndrome. | Torres-Pérez JV et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| In individuals with Williams syndrome, dysregulation of methylation in non-coding regions of neuronal and oligodendrocyte DNA is associated with pathology and cortical development. | Trangle SS et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Jansen-de Vries syndrome: Expansion of the PPM1D clinical and phenotypic spectrum in 34 families. | Wojcik MH et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Melatonin in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Critical Literature Review. | Feybesse C et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Multisensory Texture Perception in Individuals with Williams Syndrome. | Cheam C et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Neuropsychological Genotype-Phenotype in Patients with Williams Syndrome with Atypical Deletions: A Systematic Review. | Serrano-Juárez CA et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Oral language interventions can improve language outcomes in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. | Donolato E et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| A Distance-Delivered Social Skills Program for Young Adults with Williams Syndrome: Evaluating Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy. | Fisher MH et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Amygdala connectivity and implications for social cognition and disorders. | Meisner OC et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Autism and Williams syndrome: truly mirror conditions in the socio-cognitive domain? | Niego A et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Brief Report: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Music to Obtain More Accurate Blood Pressure Readings in Children with Williams Syndrome. | Walton JR et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Determination of craniofacial and dental characteristics of individuals with Williams-Beuren syndrome by using 3D facial scans and radiographs. | Danneels F et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Neurophysiological Correlates of Dynamic Beat Tracking in Individuals With Williams Syndrome. | Kasdan A et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Oxytocin receptor activation does not mediate associative fear deficits in a Williams Syndrome model. | Nygaard KR et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Parental report of cognitive and social-emotionality traits in school-age children with autism and Williams syndrome. | Lai PT et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Parental stress and adjustment in the context of rare genetic syndromes: A scoping review. | Fitzgerald J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Sensory Processing in Williams Syndrome: Individual differences and changes over time. | Powell B et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Temporomandibular joint ankylosis in Williams syndrome patient: an insight on the function of elastin in temporomandibular joint disorder. | Woo J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Visual and social differences in dyslexia: deep phenotyping of four cases with spared phonology. | Palser ER et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| A Critical Review of Spatial Abilities in Down and Williams Syndromes: Not All Space Is Created Equal. | Banta Lavenex P et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| An EEG investigation of alpha and beta activity during resting states in adults with Williams syndrome. | Greer JMH et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Anesthetic Considerations for Patients With Williams Syndrome. | Staudt GE et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Anxiety characteristics in individuals with Williams syndrome. | Royston R et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Co-Treatment With Verapamil and Curcumin Attenuates the Behavioral Alterations Observed in Williams-Beuren Syndrome Mice by Regulation of MAPK Pathway and Microglia Overexpression. | Ortiz-Romero P et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Elastic fibers during aging and disease. | Heinz A | — | 2021 | → |
| Enhanced Memory for Vocal Melodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Williams Syndrome. | Weiss MW et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Evaluating quality of life in families with Williams Syndrome patients. | Moraleda Sepúlveda E et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Factors Explaining Deficits in Reading Acquisition: The Case of Williams Syndrome. | Pezzino AS et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Motion perception and its disorders. | Barton JJS | — | 2021 | → |
| Nationwide questionnaire data of 229 Williams-Beuren syndrome patients using WhatsApp tool. | Pires LVL et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Neurodevelopmental Disorders Commonly Presenting with Sleep Disturbances. | Shelton AR et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Rare Causes of Hypercalcemia. | Saponaro F | — | 2021 | → |
| Rhythm and timing as vulnerabilities in neurodevelopmental disorders. | Lense MD et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Sleep-related learning in Williams Syndrome and Down's Syndrome. | Dimitriou D et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| The Home Learning Environment of Primary School Children with Down Syndrome and those with Williams Syndrome. | Ranzato E et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Williams syndrome. | Kozel BA et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Williams syndrome: on the role of intellectual abilities in anxiety. | Willfors C et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Buspirone for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Williams Syndrome: A Case Series. | Thom RP et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Chlorzoxazone, A BKCa Channel Agonist, Rescues The Pathological Phenotypes Of Williams-Beuren Syndrome In A Preclinical Model | Piquemal M et al. | — | 2020 | — |
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| Developmental Support for Infants With Genetic Disorders. | Wojcik MH et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Early manifestation of sleep problems in toddlers with Williams Syndrome using a mixed method longitudinal approach. | Gwilliam K et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Extending the positive bias in Williams syndrome: The influence of biographical information on attention allocation. | Boulton KA et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Hearing the feeling: Auditory emotion perception in Williams syndrome. | Heaton P et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Music Affinity and Emotion in Williams Syndrome. | Lai PT | — | 2020 | → |
| Online and Face-to-Face Performance on Two Cognitive Tasks in Children With Williams Syndrome. | Ashworth M et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Path Integration and Cognitive Mapping Capacities in Down and Williams Syndromes. | Bostelmann M et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Peripersonal Visuospatial Abilities in Williams Syndrome Analyzed by a Table Radial Arm Maze Task. | Foti F et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Social, neurodevelopmental, endocrine, and head size differences associated with atypical deletions in Williams-Beuren syndrome. | Lugo M et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The foundations of mathematical development in Williams syndrome and Down syndrome. | Van Herwegen J et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Understanding Number Line Estimation in Williams Syndrome and Down Syndrome. | Simms V et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Acquisition of Reading and Intellectual Development Disorder. | Pezzino AS et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Cognition in adults with Williams syndrome-A 20-year follow-up study. | Sauna-Aho O et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Comparing parental stress of children with neurodevelopmental disorders: The case of Williams syndrome, Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorders. | Ashworth M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Dental-craniofacial manifestation and treatment of rare diseases. | Luo E et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| [Dental-craniofacial manifestation and treatment of rare diseases in China]. | Luo E et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Exploring the approximate number system in Sotos syndrome: insights from a dot comparison task. | Lane C et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Eye Movement Patterns and Approximate Number Sense Task Performance in Williams Syndrome and Down Syndrome: A Developmental Perspective. | Van Herwegen J et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Maternal Interactive Behaviours in Parenting Children with Williams Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Relations with Emotional/Behavioural Problems. | Baptista J et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Parent-Reported Communication Abilities of Children with Sotos Syndrome: Evidence from the Children's Communication Checklist-2. | Lane C et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Post-transcriptional regulation by cytosine-5 methylation of RNA. | García-Vílchez R et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| PROTOCOL: Language interventions for improving oral language outcomes in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review. | Nordahl-Hansen A et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Robust Candidates for Language Development and Evolution Are Significantly Dysregulated in the Blood of People With Williams Syndrome. | Benítez-Burraco A et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Williams Syndrome, Human Self-Domestication, and Language Evolution. | Niego A et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| 4q21.2q21.3 Duplication: Molecular and Neuropsychological Aspects. | Iourov IY et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Addressing the Educational Needs of Children with Williams Syndrome: A Rather Neglected Area of Research? | Palikara O et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Autism Spectrum Symptomatology in Children with Williams Syndrome Who Have Phrase Speech or Fluent Language. | Klein-Tasman BP et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Brief Report: Repetitive Behaviour Profiles in Williams syndrome: Cross Syndrome Comparisons with Prader-Willi and Down syndromes. | Royston R et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Cognitive and behavioral profile of Williams Syndrome toddlers. | Braga AC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Cognitive, Behavioral, and Adaptive Profiles in Williams Syndrome With and Without Loss of GTF2IRD2. | Serrano-Juárez CA et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Delineation of a spatial working memory profile using a non-verbal eye-tracking paradigm in young children with autism and Williams syndrome. | Fanning PAJ et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Emotion Recognition as a Real Strength in Williams Syndrome: Evidence From a Dynamic Non-verbal Task. | Ibernon L et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves cardiac hypertrophy and short-term memory deficits in a Williams-Beuren syndrome mouse model. | Ortiz-Romero P et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Functional basic reading skills in Williams syndrome. | Brawn G et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Parental views on special educational needs provision: Cross-syndrome comparisons in Williams Syndrome, Down Syndrome, and Autism Spectrum Disorders. | Van Herwegen J et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Sociability trait and regional cerebral oxidative metabolism in rats: Predominantly nonlinear relations. | Kanarik M et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Williams Syndrome and Music: A Systematic Integrative Review. | Thakur D et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Williams Syndrome neuroanatomical score associates with GTF2IRD1 in large-scale magnetic resonance imaging cohorts: a proof of concept for multivariate endophenotypes. | Fan CC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| A comparison between linguistic skills and socio-communicative abilities in Williams syndrome. | Alfieri P et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Association between speech-language, general cognitive functioning and behaviour problems in individuals with Williams syndrome. | Rossi NF et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Associations between fetal testosterone and pro-social tendencies, anxiety and autistic symptoms in Williams syndrome: a preliminary study. | Osório AAC et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Comparing the broad socio-cognitive profile of youth with Williams syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. | Weisman O et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| De Novo Mutations in YWHAG Cause Early-Onset Epilepsy. | Guella I et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Disparities in visuo-spatial constructive abilities in Williams syndrome patients with typical deletion on chromosome 7q11.23. | Muramatsu Y et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Dissociation of spatial memory systems in Williams syndrome. | Bostelmann M et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Molecular, clinical and neuropsychological study in 31 patients with Kabuki syndrome and KMT2D mutations. | Lehman N et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Neurodevelopmental disorders. | D'Souza H et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Nonverbal components of Theory of Mind in typical and atypical development. | Kampis D et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Psychopathology and behavior problems in children and adolescents with Williams syndrome: Distinctive relationships with cognition. | Osório AAC et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Randomized trial of two doses of vitamin D3 in preterm infants <32 weeks: Dose impact on achieving desired serum 25(OH)D3 in a NICU population. | Anderson-Berry A et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| The cart before the horse: When cognitive neuroscience precedes cognitive neuropsychology. | Agis D et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| The social nature of overimitation: Insights from Autism and Williams syndrome. | Vivanti G et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| The work experience of a patient affected by Williams Syndrome: a pilot project at the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital. | De Lorenzo F et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Transient inhibition of LIMKs significantly attenuated central sensitization and delayed the development of chronic pain. | Yang X et al. | — | 2017 | → |
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| What gestures reveal about cognitive deficits in Williams Syndrome. | Mastrogiuseppe M et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Williams Syndrome and 15q Duplication: Coincidence versus Association. | Khokhar A et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Williams syndrome deletions and duplications: Genetic windows to understanding anxiety, sociality, autism, and schizophrenia. | Crespi BJ et al. | — | 2017 | → |
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| Ablation of the 14-3-3gamma Protein Results in Neuronal Migration Delay and Morphological Defects in the Developing Cerebral Cortex. | Wachi T et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Beat Perception and Sociability: Evidence from Williams Syndrome. | Lense MD et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Charles Dickens and Barnaby Rudge: The First Description of Williams Syndrome? | Eblovi D et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Developmental delays in phonological recoding among children and adolescents with Down syndrome and Williams syndrome. | Danielsson H et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Developmental trajectories of structural and pragmatic language skills in school-aged children with Williams syndrome. | Van Den Heuvel E et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Elastins from patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome and healthy individuals differ on the molecular level. | Heinz A et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| End-stage ischemic heart failure and Williams-Beuren syndrome: A unique scenario for pediatric heart transplantation. | González-López MT et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Face repetition detection and social interest: An ERP study in adults with and without Williams syndrome. | Key AP et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Genetics of inherited cardiocutaneous syndromes: a review. | Bardawil T et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Incontinence in children, adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome. | von Gontard A et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Longitudinal trajectories of intellectual and adaptive functioning in adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome. | Fisher MH et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Performance on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2 by Children With Williams Syndrome. | Pitts CH et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Processing of stimulus content but not of emotional valence is altered in persons with Williams syndrome. | Key AP et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Sex-Related Cognitive Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosed Late in Life: Implications for the Female Autistic Phenotype. | Lehnhardt FG et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Social functioning and autonomic nervous system sensitivity across vocal and musical emotion in Williams syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. | Järvinen A et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Surface-based morphometry reveals distinct cortical thickness and surface area profiles in Williams syndrome. | Green T et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Synaptic plasticity and spatial working memory are impaired in the CD mouse model of Williams-Beuren syndrome. | Borralleras C et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Syntax in Spanish-speaking children with Williams syndrome. | Benítez-Burraco A et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Twins with Williams-Beuren Syndrome and Discordance for Wilms Tumor. | Velikonja O et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Williams-Beuren syndrome: pitfalls for diagnosis in limited resources setting. | Lumaka A et al. | — | 2016 | → |
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| Annual research review: Rare genotypes and childhood psychopathology--uncovering diverse developmental mechanisms of ADHD risk. | Scerif G et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Are the deficits in navigational abilities present in the Williams syndrome related to deficits in the backward inhibition? | Foti F et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| ASD, ADHD, mental health conditions and psychopharmacology in neurogenetic syndromes: parent survey. | Reilly C et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Characterising the Profile of Everyday Executive Functioning and Relation to IQ in Adults with Williams Syndrome: Is the BRIEF Adult Version a Valid Rating Scale? | Hocking DR et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Children with Williams syndrome: Developmental trajectories for intellectual abilities, vocabulary abilities, and adaptive behavior. | Mervis CB et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Defining the biological bases of individual differences in musicality. | Gingras B et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Exploring spatial working memory performance in individuals with Williams syndrome: the effect of presentation format and configuration. | Carretti B et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Mother-Child Interaction as a Window to a Unique Social Phenotype in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and in Williams Syndrome. | Weisman O et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Music lessons are associated with increased verbal memory in individuals with Williams syndrome. | Dunning BA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Oxytocin, vasopressin, and Williams syndrome: epigenetic effects on abnormal social behavior. | Haas BW et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Patterns of Sensitivity to Emotion in Children with Williams Syndrome and Autism: Relations Between Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity and Social Functioning. | Järvinen A et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Possible functional links among brain- and skull-related genes selected in modern humans. | Benítez-Burraco A et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Quantitative charge-tags for sterol and oxysterol analysis. | Crick PJ et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Individuals with Down Syndrome and Williams Syndrome Compared with Typically Developing Controls. | Vega JN et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Roles of LIM kinases in central nervous system function and dysfunction. | Cuberos H et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Sequential egocentric navigation and reliance on landmarks in Williams syndrome and typical development. | Broadbent HJ et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Spatial-sequential and spatial-simultaneous working memory in individuals with Williams syndrome. | Lanfranchi S et al. | — | 2015 | → |
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| Adaptive behavior and problem behavior in young children with Williams syndrome. | Hahn LJ et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Adaptive behavior in Chinese children with Williams syndrome. | Ji C et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Altered microstructure within social-cognitive brain networks during childhood in Williams syndrome. | Haas BW et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Cognitive-behavioral phenotypes of Williams syndrome are associated with genetic variation in the GTF2I gene, in a healthy population. | Crespi BJ et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Differences in age-related effects on brain volume in Down syndrome as compared to Williams syndrome and typical development. | Koran ME et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Exploring the prevalence and phenomenology of repetitive behaviours and abnormal sensory processing in children with Williams Syndrome. | Janes E et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Heterozygous deletion of the Williams-Beuren syndrome critical interval in mice recapitulates most features of the human disorder. | Segura-Puimedon M et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Incontinentia pigmenti: learning disabilities are a fundamental hallmark of the disease. | Pizzamiglio MR et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Lithium: a promising treatment for fragile X syndrome. | Liu Z et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Metabolic and autoimmune syndromes. | Nannini V | — | 2014 | → |
| Neural correlates of amusia in williams syndrome. | Lense MD et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Neural correlates of cross-modal affective priming by music in Williams syndrome. | Lense MD et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Pitch Processing in Children with Williams Syndrome: Relationships between Music and Prosody Skills. | Martínez-Castilla P et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Regionally specific increased volume of the amygdala in Williams syndrome: evidence from surface-based modeling. | Haas BW et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Smaller and larger deletions of the Williams Beuren syndrome region implicate genes involved in mild facial phenotype, epilepsy and autistic traits. | Fusco C et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Stranger danger awareness in Williams syndrome. | Riby DM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The interplay between anxiety and social functioning in Williams syndrome. | Riby DM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The use of emotions in narratives in Williams syndrome. | Van Herwegen J et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| What and why understanding in autism spectrum disorders and williams syndrome: similarities and differences. | Sparaci L et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Who reports it best? A comparison between parent-report, self-report, and the real life social behaviors of adults with Williams syndrome. | Fisher MH et al. | — | 2014 | → |
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| (A)musicality in Williams syndrome: examining relationships among auditory perception, musical skill, and emotional responsiveness to music. | Lense MD et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Brief report: exploring the relationship between sensory processing and repetitive behaviours in Williams Syndrome. | Riby DM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Cardiovascular disease in Williams syndrome. | Collins RT | — | 2013 | → |
| Characterizing 5-methylcytosine in the mammalian epitranscriptome. | Hussain S et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Comprehension of sarcasm, metaphor and simile in Williams syndrome. | Godbee K et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Cortisol reactivity and performance abilities in social situations in adults with Williams syndrome. | Lense MD et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Developmental and cognitive troubles in Williams syndrome. | Martens M | — | 2013 | → |
| Developmental changes in mental rotation ability and visual perspective-taking in children and adults with Williams syndrome. | Hirai M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Expression of NOL1/NOP2/sun domain (Nsun) RNA methyltransferase family genes in early mouse embryogenesis. | Chi L et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Genetic mapping of brain plasticity across development in Williams syndrome: ERP markers of face and language processing. | Mills DL et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Handedness and corpus callosal morphology in Williams syndrome. | Martens MA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Hypersociability in the behavioral phenotype of 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome. | Egger JI et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Moderating variables of music training-induced neuroplasticity: a review and discussion. | Merrett DL et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Multiple-object tracking among individuals with Down syndrome and typically developing children. | Brodeur DA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Musical learning in children and adults with Williams syndrome. | Lense M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Presence of autism, hyperserotonemia, and severe expressive language impairment in Williams-Beuren syndrome. | Tordjman S et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Relating empathy and emotion regulation: do deficits in empathy trigger emotion dysregulation? | Schipper M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The role of AUTS2 in neurodevelopment and human evolution. | Oksenberg N et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Toddlers with Williams syndrome process upright but not inverted faces holistically. | Cashon CH et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Urinary incontinence in children with special needs. | von Gontard A | — | 2013 | → |
| Audiological findings in Williams syndrome: a study of 69 patients. | Barozzi S et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Behavioural phenotypes and special educational needs: is aetiology important in the classroom? | Reilly C | — | 2012 | → |
| Biomarkers for genome instability in some genetic disorders: a pilot study. | Savina NV et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Copy number variations in 6q14.1 and 5q13.2 are associated with alcohol dependence. | Lin P et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Examining reports of mental health in adults with Williams syndrome. | Stinton C et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Face-to-face interference in typical and atypical development. | Riby DM et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Learning without representational change: development of numerical estimation in individuals with Williams syndrome. | Opfer JE et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Physiological reactivity to faces via live and video-mediated communication in typical and atypical development. | Riby DM et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Preliminary evidence of abnormal white matter related to the fusiform gyrus in Williams syndrome: a diffusion tensor imaging tractography study. | Haas BW et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Sensitivity of the autonomic nervous system to visual and auditory affect across social and non-social domains in williams syndrome. | Järvinen A et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Social brain development in williams syndrome: the current status and directions for future research. | Haas BW et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| The effect of intellectual ability on functional activation in a neurodevelopmental disorder: preliminary evidence from multiple fMRI studies in Williams syndrome. | Pryweller JR et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| 'Too withdrawn' or 'too friendly': considering social vulnerability in two neuro-developmental disorders. | Jawaid A et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Understanding motor acts and motor intentions in Williams syndrome. | Sparaci L et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Abnormal processing of emotional prosody in Williams syndrome: an event-related potentials study. | Pinheiro AP et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Attentional disengagement in adults with Williams syndrome. | Lense MD et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Behavioral features of Williams Beuren syndrome compared to Fragile X syndrome and subjects with intellectual disability without defined etiology. | Pérez-García D et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Behavioural features of Italian infants and young adults with Williams-Beuren syndrome. | Gagliardi C et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Children with Williams Syndrome: Language, Cognitive, and Behavioral Characteristics and their Implications for Intervention. | Mervis CB et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Chromosomal instability at the 7q11.23 region impacts on DNA-damage response in lymphocytes from Williams-Beuren syndrome patients. | Savina NV et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Developmental malformation of the corpus callosum: a review of typical callosal development and examples of developmental disorders with callosal involvement. | Paul LK | — | 2011 | → |
| Effect of musical experience on verbal memory in Williams syndrome: evidence from a novel word learning task. | Martens MA et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Electrophysiological study of local/global processing in Williams syndrome. | Key AP et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Induced chromosome deletion in a Williams-Beuren syndrome mouse model causes cardiovascular abnormalities. | Goergen CJ et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Item and error analysis on Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices in Williams Syndrome. | Van Herwegen J et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Memory profiles of Down, Williams, and fragile X syndromes: implications for reading development. | Conners FA et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Microduplication of Xp11.23p11.3 with effects on cognition, behavior, and craniofacial development. | El-Hattab AW et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Pain in adults with intellectual disabilities. | de Knegt N et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Phenotype-environment interactions in genetic syndromes associated with severe or profound intellectual disability. | Tunnicliffe P et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Relationship between brain abnormalities and cognitive profile in Williams syndrome. | Menghini D et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Variability and standardized test profiles in typically developing children and children with Williams Syndrome. | Van Herwegen J et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Affiliative behavior in Williams syndrome: social perception and real-life social behavior. | Järvinen-Pasley A et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Approachability in Williams syndrome. | Jawaid A et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Atypical hemispheric asymmetry in the perception of negative human vocalizations in individuals with Williams syndrome. | Järvinen-Pasley A et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Behavioral and cognitive phenotype of children and adolescents with Williams-Beuren Syndrome. | Teixeira MC et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Electrophysiological correlates of semantic processing in Williams syndrome. | Pinheiro AP et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Executive functions in individuals with Williams syndrome. | Menghini D et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Leftward lateralization of auditory cortex underlies holistic sound perception in Williams syndrome. | Wengenroth M et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Neurological soft signs feature a double dissociation within the language system in Williams syndrome. | Tavano A et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Regional cortical volumes and congenital heart disease: a MRI study in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. | Schaer M et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Transcriptome profile in Williams-Beuren syndrome lymphoblast cells reveals gene pathways implicated in glucose intolerance and visuospatial construction deficits. | Antonell A et al. | — | 2010 | → |
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| Dissociation of social and nonsocial anxiety in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. | Liu ZH et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Gender attribution and gender agreement in French Williams syndrome. | Boloh Y et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Genomic sister-disorders of neurodevelopment: an evolutionary approach. | Crespi B et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Histone H2A.X Tyr142 phosphorylation: a novel sWItCH for apoptosis? | Stucki M | — | 2009 | → |
| Human versus non-human face processing: evidence from Williams syndrome. | Santos A et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Neurophysiological mechanisms involved in language learning in adults. | Rodríguez-Fornells A et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Recognition of emotional and nonemotional facial expressions: a comparison between Williams syndrome and autism. | Lacroix A et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the neurogenetics of sociality. | Donaldson ZR et al. | — | 2008 | → |