Role of self-medication in the development of comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders: a longitudinal investigation.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Robinson, Jennifer; Sareen, Jitender; Cox, Brian J; Bolton, James M
- Year
- 2011
- Journal
- Archives of general psychiatry
- PMID
- 21810645
- DOI
- 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.75
CONTEXT: Self-medication of anxiety symptoms with alcohol, other drugs, or both has been a plausible mechanism for the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and substance use disorders. However, owing to the cross-sectional nature of previous studies, it has remained unknown whether self-medication of anxiety symptoms is a risk factor for the development of incident substance use disorder or is a correlate of substance use. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether self-medication confers risk of comorbidity. DESIGN: A longitudinal, nationally representative survey was conducted by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions assessed DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, self-medication, and sociodemographic variables at 2 time points. SETTING: The United States. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 34Β 653 US adults completed both waves of the survey. Wave 1 was conducted in 2001-2002, and wave 2 interviews occurred 3 years later (2004-2005). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident substance use disorders in participants with baseline anxiety disorders and incident anxiety disorders in those with baseline substance use disorders. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses revealed that self-medication conferred a heightened risk of new-onset substance use disorders in those with baseline anxiety disorders (adjusted odds ratios [AORs], 2.50-4.99 [PΒ <Β .01]). Self-medication was associated with an increased risk of social phobia (AOR in baseline alcohol use disorders, 2.13 [PΒ =Β .004]; AOR in baseline drug use disorders, 3.17 [PΒ =Β .001]). CONCLUSIONS: Self-medication in anxiety disorders confers substantial risk of incident substance use disorders. Conversely, self-medication in substance use disorders is associated with incident social phobia. These results not only clarify several pathways that may lead to the development of comorbidity but also indicate at-risk populations and suggest potential points of intervention in the treatment of comorbidity.
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| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Reciprocal relationships between substance use and disorders and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism. | 2017 | 28213124 |
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