Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses--United States, 2000-2004.
- Authors
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Year
- 2008
- Journal
- MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
- PMID
- 19008791
Cigarette smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke are associated with premature death from chronic diseases, economic losses to society, and a substantial burden on the United States health-care system. Smoking is the primary causal factor for at least 30% of all cancer deaths, for nearly 80% of deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and for early cardiovascular disease and deaths. In 2005, to assess the economic and public health burden from smoking, CDC published results of an analysis of smoking-attributable mortality (SAM), years of potential life lost (YPLL), and productivity losses in the United States from smoking during 1997-2001. The analysis was based on data from CDC's Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Morbidity, and Economic Costs (SAMMEC) system, which estimates SAM, YPLL, and productivity losses based on data from the National Health Interview Survey and death certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics. This report presents an update of that analysis for 2000-2004, the most recent years for which source data are available. The updated analysis indicated that, during 2000-2004, cigarette smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke resulted in at least 443,000 premature deaths, approximately 5.1 million YPLL, and $96.8 billion in productivity losses annually in the United States. Comprehensive, national tobacco-control recommendations have been provided to the public health community with the goal of reducing smoking so substantially that it is no longer a significant public health problem in the United States.
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| Smoking among U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults: the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos. | Kaplan RC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Smoking and asthma: never the twain should meet. | Sands MF | β | 2014 | β |
| Smoking behavior and motivation to quit among chronic pain patients initiating multidisciplinary pain treatment: a prospective study. | Unrod M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| Smoking status and health care costs in the perioperative period: a population-based study. | Warner DO et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| The 2014 Surgeon General's report: commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the 1964 Report of the Advisory Committee to the US Surgeon General and updating the evidence on the health consequences of cigarette smoking. | Alberg AJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| The DNA methylation signature of smoking: an archetype for the identification of biomarkers for behavioral illness. | Philibert RA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| The effects of chronic cigarette smoking on gray matter volume: influence of sex. | Franklin TR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| The next generation of users: prevalence and longitudinal patterns of tobacco use among US young adults. | Richardson A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| The relationship between obesity and prescription of smoking cessation medications. | Yu Y et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The repair of environmentally relevant DNA double strand breaks caused by high linear energy transfer irradiation--no simple task. | Moore S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| The role of cocoa as a cigarette additive: opportunities for product regulation. | Sokol NA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| "They are not taking cigarettes from me . . . I'm going to smoke my cigarettes until the day I die. I don't care if I get cancer": smoking behaviors of men under community supervision in New York City. | Valera P et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Tobacco and alcohol sales in community pharmacies: policy statements from U.S. professional pharmacy associations. | Corelli RL et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Tobacco control and the reduction in smoking-related premature deaths in the United States, 1964-2012. | Holford TR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Tobacco use and cessation for cancer survivors: an overview for clinicians. | Karam-Hage M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Traditional and innovative promotional strategies of tobacco cessation services: a review of the literature. | Momin B et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Training for perioperative smoking cessation interventions: a national survey of anesthesiology program directors and residents. | Schultz CR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Trends in underage tobacco sales: an update on the past decade of compliance checks in Hawai'i. | Williams RJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Usage and effectiveness of a fully automated, open-access, Spanish Web-based smoking cessation program: randomized controlled trial. | MaΓ±anes G et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| Utilization of mental health services by minority urban adults: psychosocial predictors. | Brook JS et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| With a Little Help from My Friends? Asymmetrical Social Influence on Adolescent Smoking Initiation and Cessation. | Haas SA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Acceptability of an Internet-based contingency management intervention for smoking cessation: views of smokers, nonsmokers, and healthcare professionals. | Raiff BR et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A comparison of cigarette smoking profiles in opioid-dependent pregnant patients receiving methadone or buprenorphine. | Chisolm MS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A cost-utility analysis of lung cancer screening and the additional benefits of incorporating smoking cessation interventions. | Villanti AC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Altered hypothalamic response to food in smokers. | Geha PY et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| An update on tobacco control initiatives in comprehensive cancer control plans. | Dunne K et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Association of smoking cessation and weight change with cardiovascular disease among adults with and without diabetes. | Clair C et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A systematic review of the aetiology of tobacco disparities for sexual minorities. | Blosnich J et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A Text Message Delivered Smoking Cessation Intervention: The Initial Trial of TXT-2-Quit: Randomized Controlled Trial. | Bock B et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Biomarkers for smoking cessation. | Bough KJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Bumps along the translational pathway: anticipating uptake of tailored smoking cessation treatment. | Shields AE et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Burden of household environmental tobacco smoke on medical expenditure for Japanese women: a population-based cohort study. | Morishima T et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Cardiovascular drugs and cancer: of competing risk, smallpox, Bernoulli, and d'Alembert. | Messerli FH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Changes in smoking for adults with and without alcohol and drug use disorders: longitudinal evaluation in the US population. | Weinberger AH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Child physical and sexual abuse and cigarette smoking in adolescence and adulthood. | Kristman-Valente AN et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Cigarette prices in military retail: a review and proposal for advancing military health policy. | Haddock CK et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Cigarette smoking and measures of impulsivity in a college sample. | Balevich EC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for influenza-associated mortality: evidence from an elderly cohort. | Wong CM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
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| COPD surveillance--United States, 1999-2011. | Ford ES et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Cost-effectiveness of internet and telephone treatment for smoking cessation: an economic evaluation of The iQUITT Study. | Graham AL et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Cotinine and trans 3'-hydroxycotinine in dried blood spots as biomarkers of tobacco exposure and nicotine metabolism. | Murphy SE et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Craving to quit: psychological models and neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness training as treatment for addictions. | Brewer JA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Cue reactivity in smokers: an event-related potential study. | Bloom EL et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Determination of allelic expression of SNP rs1880676 in choline acetyltransferase gene in HeLa cells. | Yang Z et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Differences in cigarette use behaviors by age at the time of diagnosis with diabetes from young adulthood to adulthood: results from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. | Bae J | β | 2013 | β |
| Differential impact of tobacco control policies on youth sub-populations. | Tauras JA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Disparities in health care utilization by smoking status in Canada. | Azagba S et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Distribution of smoking relapse prevention materials in the Hispanic community: lessons learned. | Bejarano A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Effect of paroxetine on physiological response to stress and smoking. | Kotlyar M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Effect of the first federally funded US antismoking national media campaign. | McAfee T et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on human serum metabolite profile: results from the KORA cohort study. | Xu T et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Electrocardiographic changes associated with smoking and smoking cessation: outcomes from a randomized controlled trial. | Gepner AD et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Endgame: engaging the tobacco industry in its own elimination. | Ioannidis JP et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Enhancing team-based active learning through hands-on experience with nicotine replacement therapy. | Franks AS | β | 2013 | β |
| Environmental determinants of smoking behaviors: The role of policy and environmental interventions in preventing smoking initiation and supporting cessation. | Calo WA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Establishment of toxic metal reference range in tobacco from US cigarettes. | Fresquez MR et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Evaluation of the effectiveness of a smoking prevention program based on the 'Life Skills Training' approach. | Luna-Adame M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Evolution of tobacco labeling and packaging: international legal considerations and health governance. | Mackey TK et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Examining whether lung screening changes risk perceptions: National Lung Screening Trial participants at 1-year follow-up. | Park ER et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Feasibility of using a standardized patient encounter for training chiropractic students in tobacco cessation counseling. | Hawk C et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Flavored tobacco product use among U.S. young adults. | Villanti AC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Gender differences in patterns and correlates of khat and tobacco use. | Nakajima M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Heart disease and stroke statistics--2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. | Go AS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Images in cigarette warning labels: how should they warn? | Thrasher JF et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Impact of alcohol use and bar attendance on smoking and quit attempts among young adult bar patrons. | Jiang N et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Impact of postdiagnosis smoking on long-term survival of cancer patients: the Shanghai cohort study. | Tao L et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Improving adherence to web-based cessation programs: a randomized controlled trial study protocol. | Graham AL et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Inhibition of FAAH and activation of PPAR: new approaches to the treatment of cognitive dysfunction and drug addiction. | Panlilio LV et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Intimate partner violence victimization and cigarette smoking: a meta-analytic review. | Crane CA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Iptakalim attenuates self-administration and acquired goal-tracking behavior controlled by nicotine. | Charntikov S et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Marijuana and tobacco co-use in young adults: patterns and thoughts about use. | Ramo DE et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Mind-body practices: an alternative, drug-free treatment for smoking cessation? A systematic review of the literature. | Carim-Todd L et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Motivations for genetic testing for lung cancer risk among young smokers. | O'Neill SC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Nature appropriation and associations with population health in Canada's largest cities. | Rainham D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Nicotine exposure caused significant transgenerational heritable behavioral changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. | Taki FA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Nondaily smoking patterns in young adulthood. | Klein EG et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Outcomes from a patient-centered residential treatment plan for tobacco dependence. | Hodgkin JE et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Personality characteristics in the mid-forties predict women's smoking cessation in their mid-sixties. | Brook JS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs in the United States: an experimental evaluation of the proposed FDA warnings. | Hammond D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Pilot randomized trial on mindfulness training for smokers in young adult binge drinkers. | Davis JM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Polygenic risk and the developmental progression to heavy, persistent smoking and nicotine dependence: evidence from a 4-decade longitudinal study. | Belsky DW et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Poly-tobacco use among HIV-positive smokers: implications for smoking cessation efforts. | TamΓ-Maury I et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Population use, sales, and design: a multidimensional assessment of "light" cigarettes in the United States, 2009. | Behm I et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Predictors of tobacco outlet density nationwide: a geographic analysis. | Rodriguez D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Premature mortality patterns among American Indians in South Dakota, 2000-2010. | Christensen M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Preventing sin: the ethics of vaccines against smoking. | Lieber SR et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Primary care-relevant interventions for tobacco use prevention and cessation in children and adolescents: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. | Patnode CD et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Pro-tobacco influences and susceptibility to smoking cigarettes among middle and high school students--United States, 2011. | Dube SR et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Psychological distress in women with chronic bronchitis in a fishing community in the niger delta region of Nigeria. | Umoh VA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) loss due to smoking in the United States. | Jia H et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Recruitment of community pharmacies in a randomized trial to generate patient referrals to the tobacco quitline. | Corelli RL et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Serotonin transporter and receptor genes significantly impact nicotine dependence through genetic interactions in both European American and African American smokers. | Yang Z et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Severe community-acquired pneumonia. | Sligl WI et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Sex differences in nicotine self-administration in rats during progressive unit dose reduction: implications for nicotine regulation policy. | Grebenstein P et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Smoke-free policies in drinking venues predict transitions in alcohol use disorders in a longitudinal U.S. sample. | Young-Wolff KC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Smoke-free rules and secondhand smoke exposure in homes and vehicles among US adults, 2009-2010. | King BA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Social support and smoking abstinence among incarcerated adults in the United States: a longitudinal study. | Bock B et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Suppression of nicotine-induced pathophysiology by an adenovirus hexon-based antinicotine vaccine. | Rosenberg JB et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Symptoms of alcohol dependence and smoking initiation and persistence: a longitudinal study among US adults. | Goodwin RD et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Telephone care coordination for smokers in VA mental health clinics: protocol for a hybrid type-2 effectiveness-implementation trial. | Rogers E et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The associations of body image, anxiety, and smoking among Mexican-origin youth. | Okeke NL et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The economic impact of smoking on the treatment costs of stroke at a tertiary care neurological center in Mexico. | Quintana-Carrillo RH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The effects of diabetes, hypertension, asthma, heart disease, and stroke on quality-adjusted life expectancy. | Jia H et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The exclusion of nicotine: closing the gap in addiction policy and practice. | Richter L et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The impact of smoking on neurosurgical outcomes. | Lau D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The intergenerational transmission of smoking in adulthood: a 25-year study of maternal and offspring maladaptive attributes. | Brook JS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The relationship between smoking and health care, workers' compensation, and productivity costs for a large employer. | Sherman BW et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The Remote Monitoring of Smoking in Adolescents. | McClure EA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The role of academic pharmacy in tobacco cessation and control. | McBane SE et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Tobacco cessation and control a decade later: American society of clinical oncology policy statement update. | Hanna N et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Tobacco smoke induced COPD/emphysema in the animal model-are we all on the same page? | Leberl M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Tobacco smoking among students in an urban area in Northern Italy. | Panatto D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Tobacco Smoking and Lung Cancer: Perception-changing facts. | Furrukh M | β | 2013 | β |
| Tobacco smoking leads to extensive genome-wide changes in DNA methylation. | Zeilinger S et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Tobacco use among African-American youth receiving behavioral healthcare services. | Breland AB et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Tobacco use among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and mixed-race individuals: 2002-2010. | Wu LT et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Tobacco use and impact of tobacco-free policy on university employees in an environment of high tobacco use and production. | Veeranki SP et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Two decades of smoking cessation treatment research on smokers with depression: 1990-2010. | Weinberger AH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| "What kind of general practitioner do I need for smoking cessation?" Results from a qualitative study in Poland. | Buczkowski K et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A 5A's communication intervention to promote physical activity in underserved populations. | Carroll JK et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Abortion, pregnancy, and public health. | Creinin MD | β | 2012 | β |
| A comparison of autonomous regulation and negative self-evaluative emotions as predictors of smoking behavior change among college students. | Lee HS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Adherence to varenicline among African American smokers: an exploratory analysis comparing plasma concentration, pill count, and self-report. | Buchanan TS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A Feasibility Study of Virtual Reality-Based Coping Skills Training for Nicotine Dependence. | Bordnick PS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Amygdala response to smoking-cessation messages mediates the effects of serotonin transporter gene variation on quitting. | Jasinska AJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| An omics strategy for discovering pulmonary biomarkers potentially relevant to the evaluation of tobacco products. | Wang H et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of an interactive mobile messaging intervention for underserved smokers: Project ACTION. | Vidrine DJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A snapshot of smokers after lung and colorectal cancer diagnosis. | Park ER et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A twin study of depression and nicotine dependence: shared liability or causal relationship? | Edwards AC et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Availability of tobacco and alcohol products in Los Angeles community pharmacies. | Corelli RL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Cancer statistics for Hispanics/Latinos, 2012. | Siegel R et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Cardiac arrest: a public health perspective. | Taniguchi D et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Chapter 10: A macro-model of smoking and lung cancer: examining aggregate trends in lung cancer rates using the CPS-I and CPS-II and two-stage clonal expansion models. | Levy DT et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Chronic diseases and related risk factors among low-income mothers. | Bombard JM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Chronic sazetidine-A at behaviorally active doses does not increase nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rodent brain. | Hussmann GP et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Cigarette price minimization strategies used by adults. | Pesko MF et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Cigarette smoke exposure-associated alterations to non-coding RNA. | Maccani MA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Cigarette smoking and mood disorders in U.S. adolescents: sex-specific associations with symptoms, diagnoses, impairment and health services use. | Richardson A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Comparison of nicotine oral consumption and baseline anxiety measures in adolescent and adult C57BL/6J and C3H/Ibg mice. | Wilking JA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Conditioned response evoked by nicotine conditioned stimulus preferentially induces c-Fos expression in medial regions of caudate-putamen. | Charntikov S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Continued increases in the relative risk of death from smoking. | Mehta N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Costs of smoking and policy strategies for California American Indian communities. | Satter DE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Current status of tobacco policy and control. | Paoletti L et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Current tobacco use among adults in the United States: findings from the National Adult Tobacco Survey. | King BA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Deaths from secondhand smoke exposure in the United States: economic implications. | Max W et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Design considerations for a study to evaluate the impact of smoking cessation treatment on stimulant use outcomes in stimulant-dependent individuals. | Winhusen T et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Diurnal variation in nicotine sensitivity in mice: role of genetic background and melatonin. | Mexal S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Earlier joint trajectories of cigarette smoking and low perceived self-control as predictors of later poor health for women in their mid-60s. | Brook JS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Early impact of smoking on lung function, health, and well-being in adolescents. | Rosewich M et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Economic effect of smoke-free ordinances on 11 Missouri cities. | Kayani N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Economic evaluation of pharmaco- and behavioral therapies for smoking cessation: a critical and systematic review of empirical research. | Ruger JP et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Effectiveness of intervention to implement tobacco cessation counseling in community chain pharmacies. | Patwardhan PD et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Effectiveness of varenicline for smoking cessation at 2 urban academic health centers. | Dhelaria RK et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Effect of personal characteristics on individual support for indoor smoke-free air laws, Indiana, 2008. | Zollinger TW et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Elevated cardiovascular risk among adults with obstructive and restrictive airway functioning in the United States: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007-2010. | Ford ES et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review. | Rycroft CE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Estimating benefits of past, current, and future reductions in smoking rates using a comprehensive model with competing causes of death. | van Meijgaard J et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Estimating smoking-attributable mortality in the United States. | Fenelon A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Evaluation of the brief wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives in african-american and European-american heavy smokers. | Ma JZ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Firearms, youth homicide, and public health. | Levine RS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Smoking Among Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents. | Bloom EL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genetic ancestry-smoking interactions and lung function in African Americans: a cohort study. | Aldrich MC et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genomic and post-genomic effects of cigarette smoke: mechanisms and implications for risk assessment and prevention strategies. | De Flora S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Health beliefs, treatment preferences and complementary and alternative medicine for asthma, smoking and lung cancer self-management in diverse Black communities. | George M | β | 2012 | β |
| Heart disease and stroke statistics--2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. | Roger VL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| High-resolution behavioral economic analysis of cigarette demand to inform tax policy. | MacKillop J et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Hydroxychloroquine and smoking in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. | Ezra N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Impact of age at smoking initiation, dosage, and time since quitting on cardiovascular disease in african americans and whites: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. | Huxley RR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Implementation of an electronic health record-based care management system to improve tobacco treatment. | Kruse GR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Incentives and health: an introduction. | Higgins ST et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Increasing lung cancer death rates among young women in southern and midwestern States. | Jemal A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Lay health influencers: how they tailor brief tobacco cessation interventions. | Yuan NP et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Linking measures of adult nicotine dependence to a common latent continuum and a comparison with adolescent patterns. | Strong DR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Lung cancer screening. | Wood DE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Lung endothelial cell platelet-activating factor production and inflammatory cell adherence are increased in response to cigarette smoke component exposure. | Sharma J et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Mithramycin represses basal and cigarette smoke-induced expression of ABCG2 and inhibits stem cell signaling in lung and esophageal cancer cells. | Zhang M et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Modulation of innate immune-related pathways in nicotine-treated SH-SY5Y cells. | Cui WY et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Motivational Interviewing for encouraging quit attempts among unmotivated smokers: study protocol of a randomized, controlled, efficacy trial. | Catley D et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Multiple health behaviours: overview and implications. | Spring B et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| New clinical insights into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their implications for pharmacoeconomic analyses. | Mapel DW et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Nicotine dependence and comorbid psychiatric disorders: examination of specific genetic variants in the CHRNA5-A3-B4 nicotinic receptor genes. | Chen LS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Not just smoking and high-tech medicine: socioeconomic inequities in U.S. mortality rates, overall and by race/ethnicity, 1960-2006. | Krieger N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Novel use of a lipid-lowering fibrate medication to prevent nicotine reward and relapse: preclinical findings. | Panlilio LV et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Oncology healthcare providers' implementation of the 5A's model of brief intervention for smoking cessation: patients' perceptions. | Simmons VN et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Outdoor smoking ban at a cancer center: attitudes and smoking behavior among employees and patients. | Unrod M et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Pathway analysis of smoking quantity in multiple GWAS identifies cholinergic and sensory pathways. | Harari O et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Pharmacists' perceptions of participation in a community pharmacy-based nicotine replacement therapy distribution program. | Hoch MA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Pharmacy residents and students as an adjunct to current smoking cessation education. | Franks AS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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