Visual cortex activation to drug cues: a meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging papers in addiction and substance abuse literature.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Hanlon, Colleen A; Dowdle, Logan T; Naselaris, Thomas; Canterberry, Melanie; Cortese, Bernadette M
- Year
- 2014
- Journal
- Drug and alcohol dependence
- PMID
- 25155889
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.028
- PMCID
- PMC4161649
BACKGROUND: Although the visual cortex does not typically receive much attention in addiction literature, neuroimaging studies often report significant activity in visual areas when drug users are exposed to drug cues. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the frequency with which occipital cortex activity is observed during drug cue exposure and to determine its spatial distribution. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed of human functional neuroimaging studies of drug cue-reactivity. Fifty-five studies were used to determine the frequency with which clusters of significant visual cortex activity during visual drug cues versus non-drug cues were reported. The spatial distribution of visual cortex activations was determined via activation likelihood estimation (ALE; FDR corrected, p<0.01) in a subset of these studies (n=24). RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of studies that reported fMRI results for drug versus neutral visual cues within a substance-dependent group showed significant drug-elicited activity in the visual cortex. ALE revealed clusters in the left secondary visual cortex (BA 19) and clusters in the primary visual cortex (BA 17) that were consistently activated by drug cues. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that the visual cortex, often overlooked in our discussions of the neural circuitry of addiction, consistently discriminates drug cues from neutral cues in substance dependent populations. While it remains unclear whether drug cue-elicited activation in occipital cortex is related to the rewarding properties of the drug and/or attentional mechanisms, these data support further exploration.
Flowchart of studies included in the descriptive and Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) analyses. Each step represents an additional inclusion criterion and subsequent exclusion of studies not meeting that criterion.
Areas of consistent overlap in occipital lobe activity as revelaed by Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE). These data are intended to refine the spatial localization of occipital lobe activity (primary versus secondary visual corticies) among functional MRI studies that have observed significantly more occipital lobe activity in repsonse to drug-related versus neutral visual cues. FDR corrected, p<0.01 for multiple comparisons, cluster size > 100.
| # | Section | Preview |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | 4. DISCUSSION — 4.2. Implications for Addiction | The interpretation that elevated visual cortex activity to drug cues versus neutral cues indicates… |
| 21 | 4. DISCUSSION — 4.2. Implications for Addiction | It is also possible that these substance users had a higher visual cortex response to these cues… |
| 22 | 4. DISCUSSION — 4.2. Implications for Addiction | high sensation-seekers) may be able to test directly whether visual cortex activity to drug related… |
| 23 | 4. DISCUSSION — 4.3. Limitations and future directions | While this study was motivated by a desire to explore the frequency and pattern of visual cortex… |
| 24 | 4. DISCUSSION — 4.3. Limitations and future directions | The inclusion of multiple classes of drug users emphasizes the consistency of this visual cortex… |
| 25 | 4. DISCUSSION — 4.3. Limitations and future directions | Additionally, while the presence of occipital activity was high across all classes of… |
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