Prediction of reinforcing responses to psychostimulants in humans by brain dopamine D2 receptor levels.
paper
Cited
Public
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- Authors
- Volkow, N D; Wang, G J; Fowler, J S; Logan, J; Gatley, S J; Gifford, A; Hitzemann, R; Ding, Y S; Pappas, N
- Year
- 1999
- Journal
- The American journal of psychiatry
- PMID
- 10484959
- DOI
- 10.1176/ajp.156.9.1440
OBJECTIVE: This study assessed whether brain dopamine D2 receptor levels, which show significant intersubject variability, predict reinforcing responses to psychostimulants in humans. METHOD: [11C]Raclopride and positron emission tomography were used to measure D2 receptor levels in 23 healthy men (mean age = 34 years, SD = 7) who had no drug abuse histories in order to assess if there were differences between the subjects who liked and those who disliked the effects of intravenous methylphenidate (0.5 mg/kg). RESULTS: Subjects who liked the effects of methylphenidate had significantly lower D2 receptor levels (mean = 2.72 Bmax/Kd, SD = 0.3) than subjects who disliked its effects (mean = 3.16, SD = 0.3). Moreover, the higher the D2 levels found, the more intense were methylphenidate's unpleasant effects. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide preliminary evidence that D2 receptor levels predict response to psychostimulants in humans and that low D2 receptors may contribute to psychostimulant abuse by favoring pleasant response.
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