Exploring the relationship between polygenic risk for cannabis use, peer cannabis use and the longitudinal course of cannabis involvement.
paper
Primary
Public
- Authors
- Johnson, Emma C; Tillman, Rebecca; Aliev, Fazil; Meyers, Jacquelyn L; Salvatore, Jessica E; Anokhin, Andrey P; Dick, Danielle M; Edenberg, Howard J; Kramer, John R; Kuperman, Samuel; McCutcheon, Vivia V; Nurnberger, John I; Porjesz, Bernice; Schuckit, Marc A; Tischfield, Jay; Bucholz, Kathleen K; Agrawal, Arpana
- Year
- 2019
- Journal
- Addiction (Abingdon, England)
- PMID
- 30474892
- DOI
- 10.1111/add.14512
- PMCID
- PMC6411425
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Few studies have explored how polygenic propensity to cannabis use unfolds across development, and no studies have yet examined this question in the context of environmental contributions such as peer cannabis use. Outlining the factors that contribute to progression from cannabis initiation to problem use over time may ultimately provide insights into mechanisms for targeted interventions. We sought to examine the relationships between polygenic liability for cannabis use, cannabis use trajectories from ages 12-30ย years and perceived peer cannabis use at ages 12-17ย years. DESIGN: Mixed-effect logistic and linear regressions were used to examine associations between polygenic risk scores, cannabis use trajectory membership and perceived peer cannabis use. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: From the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) study, a cohort of 1167 individuals aged 12-26ย years at their baseline (i.e. first) interview. MEASUREMENTS: Key measurements included life-time cannabis use (yes/no), frequency of past 12-month cannabis use, maximum life-time frequency of cannabis use, cannabis use disorder (using DSM-5 criteria) and perceived peer cannabis use. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were created using summary statistics from a large (nย =ย 162โ082) genome-wide association study (GWAS) of cannabis use. FINDINGS: Three trajectories reflecting no/low (nย =ย 844), moderate (nย =ย 137) and high (nย =ย 186) use were identified. PRS were significantly associated with trajectory membership [Pย =ย 0.002-0.006, maximum conditional R ย =ย 1.4%, odds ratios (ORs)ย =ย 1.40-1.49]. Individuals who reported that most/all of their best friends used cannabis had significantly higher PRS than those who reported that none of their friends were users [ORย =ย 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04, 1.75, Pย =ย 0.023]. Perceived peer use itself explained up to 11.3% of the variance in trajectory class membership (ORย =ย 1.50-4.65). When peer cannabis use and the cannabis use PRS were entered into the model simultaneously, both the PRS and peer use continued to be significantly associated with class membership (Pย <ย 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic propensity to cannabis use derived from heterogeneous samples appears to correlate with longitudinal increases in cannabis use frequency in young adults.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| accelerated use local | phenotype |
| actual peer use local | phenotype |
| Actual peer use local | phenotype |
| Affymetrix | drug |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | phenotype |
| bipolar disorder | phenotype |
| cannabis dependence | phenotype |
| cannabis initiation | phenotype |
| Cannabis past year frequency of use local | phenotype |
| cannabis PRS local | variant |
| cannabis use | phenotype |
| cannabis use disorder | phenotype |
| Cannabis use frequency trajectory membership local | phenotype |
| cannabis use PRS local | drug |
| Cannabis use PRS | phenotype |
| cannabis use trajectories local | phenotype |
| cannabis use trajectory class membership local | phenotype |
| Cannabis use trajectory class membership local | phenotype |
| Cannabis use trajectory membership local | phenotype |
| casual users local | phenotype |
| COGA prospective cohort local | cohort |
| Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) | cohort |
| complex traits | phenotype |
| conduct disorder | phenotype |
| Conduct disorder diagnosis local | phenotype |
| Control families | cohort |
| discovery GWAS | cohort |
| Discovery GWAS sample local | cohort |
| disinhibition | phenotype |
| Disinhibition scale local | phenotype |
| DSM5 cannabis use disorder local | phenotype |
| DSM5 CUD local | phenotype |
| early cannabis use | phenotype |
| escalating use class local | phenotype |
| European ancestry | cohort |
| European population | cohort |
| ever-users local | cohort |
| Frequency of past 12 month cannabis use local | phenotype |
| frequency of use at baseline local | phenotype |
| frequency of use at last assessment local | phenotype |
| full sample | cohort |
| general peer group deviance local | phenotype |
| genetic factors related to cannabis use local | phenotype |
| genetic liabilities local | other |
| genetic liability to addiction local | phenotype |
| Genetic propensity to cannabis use local | phenotype |
| Genetics of Addictions Longitudinal Study local | cohort |
| genomewide PRS local | other |
| GWAS | cohort |
| height | phenotype |
| high class local | phenotype |
| high risk group local | phenotype |
| High trajectory class local | phenotype |
| high use class local | cohort |
| high use class local | phenotype |
| High vs. moderate class local | phenotype |
| High vs. no-low class local | phenotype |
| Illumina array | drug |
| individuals with <3 assessments local | cohort |
| lifetime cannabis use | phenotype |
| Longitudinal cohort local | cohort |
| marijuana | phenotype |
| maximum frequency of cannabis use local | phenotype |
| Maximum frequency of use local | phenotype |
| Maximum lifetime frequency of cannabis use local | phenotype |
| misuse | phenotype |
| model fit local | phenotype |
| moderate class local | phenotype |
| Moderate trajectory class local | phenotype |
| moderate use local | phenotype |
| moderate use class local | cohort |
| Moderate vs. no-low class local | phenotype |
| no-low class local | phenotype |
| No-low trajectory class local | phenotype |
| no-low use class local | phenotype |
| outcome | phenotype |
| past 12 month cannabis use local | phenotype |
| peer alcohol use | phenotype |
| peer cannabis use local | phenotype |
| Peer cannabis use local | phenotype |
| Peer Cannabis Use local | phenotype |
| peer substance use | phenotype |
| peer use local | drug |
| peer use | phenotype |
| Perceived peer cannabis use local | phenotype |
| perceived peer use local | phenotype |
| Perceived peer use local | phenotype |
| persistent cannabis use local | phenotype |
| polygenic contributions local | other |
| polygenic risk for cannabis use local | phenotype |
| polygenic risk score | cohort |
| problem use | phenotype |
| PRS | drug |
| risk taking | phenotype |
| schizophrenia | phenotype |
| September 2017 data freeze local | cohort |
| sex | phenotype |
| SNP | cohort |
| substance use | phenotype |
| thrill/adventure-seeking local | phenotype |
| Thrill-seeking scale local | phenotype |
| tobacco use | phenotype |
| Trajectory class membership local | phenotype |
| Trajectory Class Membership local | phenotype |
| trajectory membership local | phenotype |
| Trajectory membership local | phenotype |
| United States | cohort |
| use local | phenotype |
| Young ascertained sample local | cohort |
| young cannabis users local | cohort |
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