Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Volpicelli, Laura A; Levey, Allan I
- Year
- 2004
- Journal
- Progress in brain research
- PMID
- 14650906
- DOI
- 10.1016/S0079-6123(03)45003-6
The M1, M2 and M4 subtypes of mAChRs are the predominant receptors in the CNS. These receptors activate a multitude of signaling pathways important for modulating neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity and feedback regulation of ACh release. In addition, novel functions mediated by mAChRs are currently being discovered. These studies are greatly facilitated by the recent development of subtype selective toxins and mice lacking individual mAChR genes. Studies in cell culture and the rodent brain demonstrate that mAChR internalization and intracellular trafficking is an important component of mAChR regulation. Characterizing mAChR intracellular trafficking could help facilitate the development of selective mAChR ligands. For example, a selective M1 agonist would cause a shift in the distribution of M1 from the cell surface to an intracellular distribution, while M2 and M4 would remain on the cell surface. Characterizing mAChR intracellular trafficking is also important for understanding the cellular mechanisms that regulate mAChR cell surface expression and signaling. Furthermore, intracellular trafficking has recently been demonstrated to play a role in the development of tolerance to drugs (Whistler et al., 1999; He et al., 2002). Because individual mAChR subtypes are novel targets for treatments of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, understanding the mechanisms that regulate mAChR signaling and intracellular trafficking following acute and chronic stimulation might lead to the development of rational strategies.
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| Muscarinic receptor subtype pharmacology and physiology. | Eglen RM | β | 2005 | β |
| N-desmethylclozapine, a major metabolite of clozapine, increases cortical acetylcholine and dopamine release in vivo via stimulation of M1 muscarinic receptors. | Li Z et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Pharmacological profiles of an anticholinergic agent, phencynonate hydrochloride, and its optical isomers. | Wang LY et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Pre- and postsynaptic modulation of glycinergic and gabaergic transmission by muscarinic receptors on rat hypoglossal motoneurons in vitro. | Pagnotta SE et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Subdivisions of human parietal area 5 revealed by quantitative receptor autoradiography: a parietal region between motor, somatosensory, and cingulate cortical areas. | Scheperjans F et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Up-regulation of M1 muscarinic receptors expressed in CHOm1 cells by panaxynol via cAMP pathway. | Hao W et al. | β | 2005 | β |
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| Signal transduction during amyloid-beta-peptide neurotoxicity: role in Alzheimer disease. | Fuentealba RA et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| The effects on place cells of local scopolamine dialysis are mimicked by a mixture of two specific muscarinic antagonists. | Brazhnik E et al. | β | 2004 | β |