New concepts in cocaine addiction: the dopamine depletion hypothesis.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Dackis, C A; Gold, M S
- Year
- 1985
- Journal
- Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
- PMID
- 2999657
- DOI
- 10.1016/0149-7634(85)90022-3
Euphoric properties of cocaine lead to the development of chronic abuse, and appear to involve the acute activation of central DA neuronal systems. This is based upon known effects of cocaine on DA neurons, and the role played by DA in reward states and self-stimulation behavior. With chronic cocaine use, neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine alterations occur. DA depletion is hypothesized to result from overstimulation of these neurons and excessive synaptic metabolism of the neurotransmitter. DA depletion may underlie dysphoric aspects of cocaine abstinence, and cocaine urges. Neurochemical disruptions caused by cocaine are consistent with the concept of "physical" rather than "psychological" addiction. Possible pharmacological interventions in cocaine addiction are outlined and the psychological approach to these patients is discussed.
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| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| The aggregate effect of dopamine genes on dependence symptoms among cocaine users: cross-validation of a candidate system scoring approach. | 2012 | 22358648 |
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| Imaging studies of cocaine in the human brain and studies of the cocaine addict. | Volkow ND et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| Involvement of dopamine D2 receptors in the effect of cocaine on sexual behaviour and stretching-yawning of male rats. | Ferrari F et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| I. Serotonin (5-HT) within dopamine reward circuits signals open-field behavior. II. Basis for 5-HT--DA interaction in cocaine dysfunctional behavior. | Broderick PA et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| Neural mechanisms of tolerance to the effects of cocaine. | Hammer RP et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| Physiological and subjective effects of acute cocaine withdrawal (crash) in rats. | Gauvin DV et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| Potential antidepressant effects of novel tropane compounds, selective for serotonin or dopamine transporters. | Hemby SE et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| Radioligand binding and immunoautoradiographic evidence for a lack of toxicity to dopaminergic nerve terminals in human cocaine overdose victims. | Staley JK et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| The meta-chlorophenylpiperazine challenge test in cocaine addicts: hormonal and psychological responses. | Buydens-Branchey L et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| A historically controlled trial of tyrosine for cocaine dependence. | Galloway GP et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Chronic cocaine use as a neuropsychiatric syndrome: a model for debate. | Cadet JL et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Endocrine responses during acute nicotine withdrawal. | Pickworth WB et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Management of cocaine abuse and dependence. | Mendelson JH et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Neurobiology of addiction. | Wise RA | — | 1996 | → |
| Neurochemical changes in cocaine withdrawal. | Kuhar MJ et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Phentermine pretreatment antagonizes the cocaine-induced rise in mesolimbic dopamine. | Rothman RB et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Striatal dopamine, dopamine transporter, and vesicular monoamine transporter in chronic cocaine users. | Wilson JM et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Absence of acute cocaine interactions with the MAO-B inhibitor selegiline. | Haberny KA et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Amantadine does not reduce cocaine use or craving in cocaine-dependent methadone maintenance patients. | Handelsman L et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| A review of the effects of dopaminergic agents on humans, animals, and drug-seeking behavior, and its implications for medication development. Focus on GBR 12909. | Rothman RB et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Concurrent cocaine withdrawal is associated with reduced severity of alcohol withdrawal. | Castaneda R et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Effectiveness of adjunct therapies in crack cocaine treatment. | Richard AJ et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Elevations of nucleus accumbens dopamine and DOPAC levels during intravenous heroin self-administration. | Wise RA et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Fluctuations in nucleus accumbens dopamine concentration during intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats. | Wise RA et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Fluctuations in nucleus accumbens dopamine during cocaine self-administration behavior: an in vivo electrochemical study. | Kiyatkin EA et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Functional significance of mesolimbic dopamine. | Kiyatkin EA | — | 1995 | → |
| Rhabdomyolysis and hyperthermia after cocaine abuse: a variant of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome? | Daras M et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| The role of dopamine in drug abuse viewed from the perspective of its role in motivation. | Di Chiara G | — | 1995 | → |
| Tolerance-like attenuation to contingent and noncontingent cocaine-induced elevation of extracellular dopamine in the ventral striatum following 7 days of withdrawal from chronic treatment. | Meil WM et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Withdrawal from chronic amphetamine elevates baseline intracranial self-stimulation thresholds. | Wise RA et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| A three-choice haloperidol-saline-cocaine drug discrimination task in rats. | Gauvin DV et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Blunted oral body temperature response to MK-212 in cocaine addicts. | Lee MA et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Bromocriptine, a D2 receptor agonist, lowers the threshold for rewarding brain stimulation. | Knapp CM et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Cocaine alters the onset and maintenance of maternal behavior in lactating rats. | Kinsley CH et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Dopamine receptor density, sensitivity and mRNA levels are altered following self-administration of cocaine in the rat. | Laurier LG et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure upon postnatal development of neostriatal dopaminergic function. | Leslie CA et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Effects of repeated cocaine injections on cochlear function. | Shivapuja BG et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Lisuride reduces intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats. | Pulvirenti L et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Opiate reinforcement processes: re-assembling multiple mechanisms. | Bozarth MA | — | 1994 | → |
| Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors are decreased during cocaine withdrawal in humans. | Javaid JI et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Pharmacotherapy of cocaine abuse: preclinical development. | Witkin JM | — | 1994 | → |
| Psychological correlates of frequency and type of drug use among jail inmates. | Fishbein DH et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Selective reduction in dopamine turnover in the rat frontal cortex and hypothalamus during withdrawal from repeated cocaine exposure. | Karoum F et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Serum prolactin levels and treatment outcome in cocaine dependence. | Weiss RD et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| The dopamine D2 receptor gene: a genetic risk factor in substance abuse. | Comings DE et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| The effects of acute and chronic cocaine administration on paced responding in intact and gonadectomized male and female Wistar rats. | van Haaren F | — | 1994 | → |
| The effects of lisuride on mood and sleep during acute withdrawal in stimulant abusers: a preliminary report. | Gillin JC et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| A hypothesis for a common neurochemical basis for alcohol and drug disorders. | Miller NS et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Alterations in the dopaminergic receptor system after chronic administration of cocaine. | Alburges ME et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Amperozide, a 5-HT2 antagonist, attenuates craving for cocaine by rats. | McMillen BA et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| A neurochemical basis for alcohol and other drug addiction. | Miller NS et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Behavioral response to buspirone in cocaine and phencyclidine withdrawal. | Giannini AJ et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Biosynthesis of dopamine and serotonin in the rat brain after repeated cocaine injections: a microdissection mapping study. | Baumann MH et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Cocaine attenuates puberty acceleration in female house mice. | Chen CJ et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Cocaine enhances the changes in extracellular dopamine in nucleus accumbens associated with reinforcing stimuli: a high-speed chronoamperometric study in freely moving rats. | Kiyatkin EA | — | 1993 | → |
| Cocaine: evidence for NMDA- and opioid-mediated antinociception in the tail-flick test. | Ushijima I et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Day/night differences in D1 but not D2 DA receptor protection from EEDQ denaturation in rats treated with continuous cocaine. | Burger LY et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability is associated with reduced frontal metabolism in cocaine abusers. | Volkow ND et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Drug- and behavior-associated changes in dopamine-related electrochemical signals during intravenous heroin self-administration in rats. | Kiyatkin EA et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Effect of chronic estradiol and progesterone treatments of ovariectomized rats on brain dopamine uptake sites. | Morissette M et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Effect of cocaine on the production of puberty-accelerating pheromone by male mice. | Chen CJ et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Effects of acute and chronic cocaine on the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons in the rat. | Baumann MH et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Hyperthermia and endorphins. | Vescovi PP et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Molecular alterations in the neostriatum of human cocaine addicts. | Hurd YL et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Monoamine uptake inhibitors alter cocaine pharmacokinetics. | Tella SR et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Motoric signs of CNS dysfunction associated with alcohol and cocaine withdrawal. | Bauer LO | — | 1993 | → |
| Neuropsychological deficits in abstinent cocaine abusers: preliminary findings after two weeks of abstinence. | Berry J et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Prenatal cocaine administration stimulates fetal brain tyrosine hydroxylase activity. | Meyer JS et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Progress in psychiatry (2). | Michels R et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| The P50 component of the auditory evoked potential and subtypes of schizophrenia. | Boutros N et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Basal extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens are decreased during cocaine withdrawal after unlimited-access self-administration. | Weiss F et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Cardiovascular complications of cocaine abuse. | Perper JA et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Cocaine euphoria, dysphoria, and tolerance assessed using drug-induced changes in brain-stimulation reward. | Frank RA et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Crystal methamphetamine abuse: a concern to oral and maxillofacial surgeons. | Lee CY et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Dopaminergic responsivity during cocaine abstinence: a pilot study. | McDougle CJ et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Effect of cocaine use on the fetus. | Volpe JJ | — | 1992 | → |
| Effects of cocaine on testicular structure in the rat. | Rodriguez MC et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Effects of cocaine on the contents of neurohypophyseal hormones in the plasma and in different brain structures in rats. | Sarnyai Z et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Exaggerated pressor response to treadmill exercise in chronic cocaine abusers with left ventricular hypertrophy. | Cigarroa CG et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Hyperthermia in sauna is unable to increase the plasma levels of ACTH/cortisol, beta-endorphin and prolactin in cocaine addicts. | Vescovi PP et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Increased CSF HVA with craving in long-term abstinent cocaine abusers. | Knoblich G et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Long-term frontal brain metabolic changes in cocaine abusers. | Volkow ND et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Long-term influence of d-amphetamine on mesolimbic brain-stimulation reward: comparison to chronic haloperidol and naloxone effects. | Borowski TB et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Molecular mechanisms associated with cocaine effects. Possible relationships with effects of ethanol. | Ritz MC et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Neural mechanisms of drug reinforcement. | Koob GF | — | 1992 | → |
| Neurobiology of cocaine abuse. | Woolverton WL et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Neurochemical correlates of cocaine and ethanol self-administration. | Weiss F et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Neuropharmacology of cocaine and ethanol dependence. | Koob GF et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Neuropsychiatric disorders: investigation of schizophrenia and substance abuse. | Volkow ND et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Opposite actions of oxytocin and vasopressin in the development of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice. | Sarnyai Z et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Prevalence of cocaine use among residents of New York City who committed suicide during a one-year period. | Marzuk PM et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Apparent synaptic dopamine deficiency induced by withdrawal from chronic cocaine treatment. | Robertson MW et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| Basal extracellular dopamine is decreased in the rat nucleus accumbens during abstinence from chronic cocaine. | Parsons LH et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| Clinical phenomenology and neurobiology of cocaine abstinence: a prospective inpatient study. | Satel SL et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| Cocaine addiction: psychology and neurophysiology. | Gawin FH | — | 1991 | → |
| Comparison of amantadine and desipramine combined with psychotherapy for treatment of cocaine dependence. | Weddington WW et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| Dopamine receptors mediate cocaine-induced temperature responses in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. | Rockhold RW et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| Endocrine complications of AIDS and drug addiction. | Brown LS et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| GBR12909 antagonizes the ability of cocaine to elevate extracellular levels of dopamine. | Rothman RB et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| Lack of neurochemical evidence for neurotoxic effects of repeated cocaine administration in rats on brain monoamine neurons. | Yeh SY et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| Medical and dental implications of cocaine abuse. | Lee CY et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| Medicalizing the drug war. | Fishbein DH | — | 1991 | → |
| Sex differences in locomotor activity after acute and chronic cocaine administration. | van Haaren F et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| The dopamine hypothesis of the reinforcing properties of cocaine. | Kuhar MJ et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| The effect of maternal cocaine use on the fetus: changes in antepartum fetal heart rate tracings. | Tabor BL et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| An update on selected organic mental syndromes. | Dickson LR et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Bromocriptine self-administration and bromocriptine-reinstatement of cocaine-trained and heroin-trained lever pressing in rats. | Wise RA et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Chronic cocaine and rat brain catecholamines: long-term reduction in hypothalamic and frontal cortex dopamine metabolism. | Karoum F et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Dopaminergic involvement in the cocaine-induced up-regulation of benzodiazepine receptors in the rat caudate nucleus. | Goeders N et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Dopaminergic sensitivity and cocaine abuse: response to apomorphine. | Hollander E et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Effect of cocaine on rat pineal melatonin synthesis in vivo and in vitro. | Oxenkrug GF et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Effects of acute and subacute cocaine administration on the CNS dopaminergic system in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats: II. Dopamine receptors. | Lim DK et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Effects of acute and subacute cocaine administration on the CNS dopaminergic system in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats: III. Dopamine uptake. | Lim DK et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Effects of acute and subacute cocaine administration on the CNS dopaminergic system in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats: I. Levels of dopamine and metabolites. | Yu ZJ et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Effects of chronic cocaine abuse on postsynaptic dopamine receptors. | Volkow ND et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Hyperprolactinemia and risk for relapse of cocaine abuse. | Teoh SK et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Multiple, but not acute, infusions of cocaine alter the release of prolactin in male rats. | Pilotte NS et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Myocardial infarction during cocaine withdrawal. | Del Aguila C et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Neurodynamics of relapse prevention: a neuronutrient approach to outpatient DUI offenders. | Brown RJ et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Neuroendocrine measures of dopaminergic function in chronic cocaine users. | Lee MA et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Pharmacologic approaches to the treatment of cocaine dependence. | Taylor WA et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Postcocaine depression and sensitization of brain-stimulation reward: analysis of reinforcement and performance effects. | Kokkinidis L et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Priapism associated with intranasal cocaine abuse. | Fiorelli RL et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Quantitative EEG correlates of crack cocaine dependence. | Alper KR et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Serum prolactin levels during extended cocaine abstinence. | Swartz CM et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| The diagnosis of alcohol and cannabis dependence (addiction) in cocaine dependence (addiction). | Miller NS et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| The influence of cocaine self-administration on in vivo dopamine and acetylcholine neurotransmission in rat caudate-putamen. | Hurd YL et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| The phenomenology of food cravings. | Weingarten HP et al. | — | 1990 | → |
| Adolescent dual diagnosis: a 12-step transformational model. | Chatlos JC | — | 1989 | → |
| Adverse health consequences of cocaine abuse. | Cregler LL | — | 1989 | → |
| A review of the respiratory effects of smoking cocaine. | Ettinger NA et al. | — | 1989 | → |
| Bromocriptine and amantadine in cocaine detoxification. | Giannini AJ et al. | — | 1989 | → |
| Chlordiazepoxide alters intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats. | Goeders NE et al. | — | 1989 | → |
| Clinical ratings and plasma HVA during cocaine abstinence. | Martin SD et al. | — | 1989 | → |
| Cocaine abuse and treatment. | Pollack MH et al. | — | 1989 | → |
| Cocaine: clinical pharmacology and toxicology. | Farrar HC et al. | — | 1989 | → |
| Cocaine-induced cocaine craving. | Jaffe JH et al. | — | 1989 | → |
| Cocaine reinforcement and extracellular dopamine overflow in rat nucleus accumbens: an in vivo microdialysis study. | Hurd YL et al. | — | 1989 | → |
| Effects of bromocriptine pretreatment on subjective and physiological responses to i.v. cocaine. | Kumor K et al. | — | 1989 | → |
| Endocrine alterations associated with the abuse of cocaine. | Dax EM | — | 1989 | → |
| Etiology of alcoholism: relevance of prenatal hormonal influences on the brain, anomalous dominance, and neurochemical and pharmacological brain asymmetry. | Backon J | — | 1989 | → |
| Myocardial ischemia during cocaine withdrawal. | Nademanee K et al. | — | 1989 | → |
| Quantitative urine testing. A new tool for diagnosing and treating cocaine use. | Tennant F et al. | — | 1989 | → |
| 800-COCAINE: origin, significance, and findings. | Roehrich H et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| A comparison of self-reported symptoms and DSM-III-R criteria for cocaine withdrawal. | Brower KJ et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| Amantadine: evaluation of reinforcing properties and effect on cocaine self-injection in baboons. | Sannerud CA et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| Anterior pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal hormones during cocaine withdrawal. | Mendelson JH et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| A primer on neurotransmitters and cocaine. | Daigle RD et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| Behavioral cross-sensitization between cocaine and enkephalin in the A10 dopamine region. | DuMars LA et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| Chronic cocaine enhances defensive behaviour in the laboratory mouse: involvement of D2 dopamine receptors. | Filibeck U et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| Cocaine abuse treated with phenelzine. | Golwyn DH | — | 1988 | → |
| Cocaine and central monoaminergic neurotransmission: a review of electrophysiological studies and comparison to amphetamine and antidepressants. | Pitts DK et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| Cocaine self-administration appears to be mediated by dopamine uptake inhibition. | Ritz MC et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| Differentiation of cocaine toxicity: role of the toxicology drug screen. | Quandt CM et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| Drug use in the chemically dependent. How to avoid relapse to addiction. | Mulry JT et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| Effects of cocaine on release and uptake of dopamine in vivo: differentiation by mathematical modeling. | Nicolaysen LC et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| Histories of substance abuse in patients with postpsychotic depressions. | Siris SG et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| Intravenous cocaine: psychiatric effects, biological mechanisms. | Sherer MA | — | 1988 | → |
| Neurochemical interactions of cocaine with dopaminergic systems. | Galloway MP | — | 1988 | → |
| Pharmacological adjuncts in the treatment of opioid and cocaine addicts. | Herridge P et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| Repeated cocaine administration results in supersensitivity of striatal D-2 dopamine autoreceptors to pergolide. | Dwoskin LP et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| The effect of chronic cocaine on self-stimulation train-duration thresholds. | Frank RA et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| The human sexual response and alcohol and drugs. | Miller NS et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| The interactive effects of cocaine and imipramine on self-stimulation train-duration thresholds. | Frank RA et al. | — | 1988 | → |
| A blood marker for pharmacodynamic tolerance to alcohol. | Miller NS | — | 1987 | → |
| Bromocriptine. | Roehrich H et al. | — | 1987 | → |
| Cocaine. | Mofenson HC et al. | — | 1987 | → |
| Cocaine induced secretion of ACTH, beta-endorphin, and corticosterone. | Moldow RL et al. | — | 1987 | → |
| Placental abruption associated with cocaine use: case report. | Landy HJ et al. | — | 1987 | → |
| Single-dose bromocriptine reverses cocaine craving. | Dackis CA et al. | — | 1987 | → |
| The relationship of addiction, tolerance, and dependence to alcohol and drugs: a neurochemical approach. | Miller NS et al. | — | 1987 | → |
| The role of reward pathways in the development of drug dependence. | Wise RA | — | 1987 | → |
| Carbamazepine for treatment-resistant depressions? | Madakasira S | — | 1986 | → |
| Haloperidol-induced dystonia in cocaine addicts. | Kumor K et al. | — | 1986 | → |
| Medical complications of cocaine abuse. | Cregler LL et al. | — | 1986 | → |
| More on self-medication and drug abuse. | Dackis CA et al. | — | 1986 | → |
| Pharmacological approaches to cocaine addiction. | Dackis CA et al. | — | 1985 | → |