Sensory phenomena in obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette's disorder.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Miguel, E C; do RosΓ‘rio-Campos, M C; Prado, H S; do Valle, R; Rauch, S L; Coffey, B J; Baer, L; Savage, C R; O'Sullivan, R L; Jenike, M A; Leckman, J F
- Year
- 2000
- Journal
- The Journal of clinical psychiatry
- PMID
- 10732667
- DOI
- 10.4088/jcp.v61n0213
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous disorder with some forms related to tics and Tourette's disorder. The present study was undertaken to investigate the sensory phenomena in patients with OCD and/or Tourette's disorder to determine if these phenotypic features represent valid clinical indices for differentiating tic-related OCD from non-tic-related OCD. METHOD: We evaluated 20 adult outpatients with OCD, 20 with OCD plus Tourette's disorder, and 21 with Tourette's disorder, using a semistructured interview designed to assess several definitions of sensory phenomena reported in the literature. DSM-III-R criteria were used for the OCD and Tourette's disorder diagnoses. RESULTS: Sensory phenomena including bodily sensations, mental urges, and a sense of inner tension were significantly more frequent in the 2 Tourette's disorder groups when compared with the OCD alone group. Feelings of incompleteness and a need for things to be "just right" were reported more frequently in the OCD plus Tourette's disorder group compared with the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Sensory phenomena may be an important phenotypic measure for grouping patients along the OCD-Tourette's disorder spectrum. Sensory phenomena include bodily and mental sensations. Bodily sensations include focal or generalized body sensations (usually tactile, muscular-skeletal/visceral, or both) occurring either before or during the patient's performance of the repetitive behaviors. These sensations are more frequently found in patients with OCD plus Tourette's disorder than in patients with OCD alone. Mental sensations include urge only, energy release (mental energy that builds up and needs to be discharged), incompleteness, and just-right perceptions. They are all more frequently found in patients with OCD plus Tourette's disorder than in patients with OCD alone.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks β full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Cross-disorder genome-wide analyses suggest a complex genetic relationship between Tourette's syndrome and OCD. | 2015 | 25158072 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Differences in response inhibition between medication-free patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without sensory phenomena. | Murayama K et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Habit as a therapeutic component in psychological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomised controlled feasibility study. | Pereira de Souza AMFL et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Marine Carotenoids: Unlocking Advanced Antioxidant Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications for Oxidative Stress. | Shah FI et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Dorsomedial Striatal Scube1 Expression Correlates With Perseveration in a Rat Reversal-Learning Task. | Shakeel A et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Parent-young person lived experience of sensory dysregulation in children with tic disorders: a qualitative study. | Soler N et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Personalized non-invasive neuromodulation for sensory-based urge suppression in individuals with OCD: a proof-of-concept investigation. | Eng GK et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of High-Dose Ondansetron on Clinical Symptoms and Brain Connectivity in Obsessive-Compulsive and Tic Disorders. | Stern ER et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of The University of SΓ£o Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale in OCD patients. | Zhang X et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Beliefs, compulsive behavior and reduced confidence in control. | Rigoux L et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Identifying subgroups of urge suppression in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder using machine learning. | Eng GK et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Metaanalysis of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Efficacy for OCD Treatment: The Impact of Stimulation Parameters, Symptom Subtype and rTMS-Induced Electrical Field. | Dehghani-Arani F et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Relationship between transcranial magnetic stimulation markers of motor control and clinical recovery in obsessive compulsive disorder/Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a proof of concept case study. | Quoilin C et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Neurodevelopmental Antecedents and Sensory Phenomena in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review Supporting a Phenomenological-Developmental Model. | Poletti M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Olfactory Obsessions: A Study of Prevalence and Phenomenology in the Course of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. | Ε»erdziΕski M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Proxy-reported sensory measures for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review. | Soler N et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Psychopathological intersection between obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder: scoping review of similarities and differences. | FerrΓ£o YA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Sensory Overresponsivity and Symptoms Across the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum: Web-Based Longitudinal Observational Study. | Moreno-Amador B et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Sapap3<sup>-/-</sup> mouse reconsidered as a comorbid model expressing a spectrum of pathological repetitive behaviours. | Lamothe H et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Along the fringes of Agency: neurodevelopmental account of the obsessive mind. | Poletti M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Explaining Interaction of Guilt and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Not Just Right Experiences. | Zaccari V et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Imbalance between default mode and sensorimotor connectivity is associated with perseverative thinking in obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Stern ER et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Ketamine in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review. | Bandeira ID et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neurocircuit models of obsessive-compulsive disorder: limitations and future directions for research. | Shephard E et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder from an Embodied Cognition Perspective. | KoΓ§ak OM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Planar cell polarity and the pathogenesis of Tourette Disorder: New hypotheses and perspectives. | Wu J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The Cerebellum in Drug-naive Children with Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. | Tikoo S et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Interoception and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions. | Bragdon LB et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Knowledge and competency standards for specialized cognitive behavior therapy for adult obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Sookman D et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Neuroimaging the emotional modulation of urge inhibition in Tourette Syndrome. | Bhikram T et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Symmetry Dimension in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Prevalence, Severity and Clinical Correlates. | Vellozo AP et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Toward a neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Shephard E et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Using supervised machine learning on neuropsychological data to distinguish OCD patients with and without sensory phenomena from healthy controls. | Stamatis CA et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Clinical Features of Tourette Syndrome. | Gill CE et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| De Novo Damaging DNA Coding Mutations Are Associated With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Overlap With Tourette's Disorder and Autism. | Cappi C et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Dimensions of interoception in obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Eng GK et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Olfactory Dysfunction in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Meta-analytic Review of Autism Spectrum Disorders, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. | Crow AJD et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Review: Exteroceptive Sensory Abnormalities inΒ Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Critical Review. | Houghton DC et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Sensory Habituation as a Shared Mechanism for Sensory Over-Responsivity and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms. | Podoly TY et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Sensory symptoms in body-focused repetitive behaviors, restless legs syndrome, and Tourette syndrome: An overlap? | Badenoch J et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The buildup of an urge in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Behavioral and neuroimaging correlates. | Stern ER et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in Tourette syndrome and its relationship with premonitory urges: a meta-analysis. | Yan J et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Toward identifying reproducible brain signatures of obsessive-compulsive profiles: rationale and methods for a new global initiative. | Simpson HB et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Trichotillomania is more related to Tourette disorder than to obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Lamothe H et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Clinical Aspects of Premonitory Urges in Patients with Tourette's Disorder. | Nam SH et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Evolution of gamma knife capsulotomy for intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Miguel EC et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Functional neural mechanisms of sensory phenomena in obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Brown C et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Level of Insight in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Exploratory Comparative Study Between Patients With "Good Insight" and "Poor Insight". | de Avila RCS et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Premonitory urges located in the tongue for tic disorder: Two case reports and review of literature. | Li Y et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The Correlation Between the Severity of Premonitory Urges and Tic Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis. | Li Y et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in obsessive-compulsive disorder subjects. | Blanco-Vieira T et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The urge to blink in Tourette syndrome. | Botteron HE et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Transcranial direct current stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an update in electric field modeling and investigations for optimal electrode montage. | da Silva RMF et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Abnormal perceptual sensitivity in body-focused repetitive behaviors. | Houghton DC et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Atypical symptom presentations in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder. | Porth R et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Sensory over-responsivity in trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder). | Falkenstein MJ et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The Brown Incompleteness Scale (BINCS): Measure development and initial evaluation. | Boisseau CL et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The urge to blink in Tourette syndrome | Botteron HE et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| A cross-cultural clinical comparison between subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder from the United States and Brazil. | Medeiros GC et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Is "not just right experience" (NJRE) in obsessive-compulsive disorder part of an autistic phenotype? | Hellriegel J et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Neurobiology of the Premonitory Urge in Tourette's Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Treatment Implications. | Cavanna AE et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Sensory over responsivity and obsessive compulsive symptoms: A cluster analysis. | Ben-Sasson A et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Strain and sex based characterization of behavioral expressions in non-induced compulsive-like mice. | Mitra S et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| When the past is present. | Torres AR et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| An empirical investigation of incompleteness in a large clinical sample of obsessive compulsive disorder. | Sibrava NJ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Incompleteness and not just right experiences in the explanation of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. | Belloch A et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Obsessive compulsive and related disorders: comparing DSM-5 and ICD-11. | Marras A et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Brain structural correlates of sensory phenomena in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. | SubirΓ M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Cognitive-behavioral therapy induces sensorimotor and specific electrocortical changes in chronic tic and Tourette's disorder. | Morand-Beaulieu S et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Cross-disorder genome-wide analyses suggest a complex genetic relationship between Tourette's syndrome and OCD. | Yu D et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Incompleteness, aesthetic sensitivity, and the obsessive-compulsive need for symmetry. | Summerfeldt LJ et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Meta-analytic investigations of structural grey matter, executive domain-related functional activations, and white matter diffusivity in obsessive compulsive disorder: an integrative review. | Eng GK et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Reduced GABAergic inhibition and abnormal sensory symptoms in children with Tourette syndrome. | Puts NA et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| A revised method for measuring distraction by tactile stimulation. | Schechter JR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| "Not Just Right Experiences" in adolescents: phenomenology and associated characteristics. | Ravid A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Phenomenology of OCD: lessons from a large multicenter study and implications for ICD-11. | Shavitt RG et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Sensory Phenomena in Tourette Syndrome: Their Role in Symptom Formation and Treatment. | Houghton DC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Tourette patients' misbelief of a tic rebound is due to overall difficulties in reliable tic rating. | MΓΌller-Vahl KR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Tourette's syndrome and associated disorders: a systematic review. | Ferreira BR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Validation of the University of SΓ£o Paulo's Sensory Phenomena Scale -- English version. | Sampaio AS et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Visual, tactile, and auditory "not just right" experiences: associations with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and perfectionism. | Summers BJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| A multi-method examination of the role of incompleteness in compulsive checking. | Cougle JR et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A vibrotactile behavioral battery for investigating somatosensory processing in children and adults. | Puts NA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| "Not just right experiences" in patients with Tourette syndrome: complex motor tics or compulsions? | Neal M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Partitioning the heritability of Tourette syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder reveals differences in genetic architecture. | Davis LK et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Sensory phenomena: clinical correlates and impact on quality of life in adult patients with Tourette syndrome. | Crossley E et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The implication of neuroactive steroids in Tourette's syndrome pathogenesis: A role for 5Ξ±-reductase? | Bortolato M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Theoretical and practical considerations behind the use of laboratory animals for the study of Tourette syndrome. | MacrΓ¬ S et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Towards objectively quantifying sensory hypersensitivity: a pilot study of the "Ariana effect". | Panagopoulos VN et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Update: studies of prepulse inhibition of startle, with particular relevance to the pathophysiology or treatment of Tourette Syndrome. | Swerdlow NR | β | 2013 | β |
| Association of genetic variations in X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 and Tourette syndrome. | Lin WY et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| D1 and D2 dopamine receptor antagonists decrease behavioral bout duration, without altering the bout's repeated behavioral components, in a naturalistic model of repetitive and compulsive behavior. | Hoffman KL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Deep brain stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus in rats prevents apomorphine-induced deficient sensorimotor gating. | Posch DK et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Obsessive-compulsive and tic-related disorders. | Franklin ME et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Outlining new frontiers for the comprehension of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of its relationship with fear and anxiety. | Diniz JB et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Predictors during childhood of future health-related quality of life in adults with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. | Cavanna AE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Sensory phenomena associated with repetitive behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory study of 1001 patients. | FerrΓ£o YA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Animal models of obsessive compulsive disorder: recent findings and future directions. | Hoffman KL | β | 2011 | β |
| Functions of compulsions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Starcevic V et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Influence of specific obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions on strategic planning in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Pinto PS et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Alternative factor models and heritability of the Short Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Children's Version. | Moore J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Behavioral interventions for tic disorders. | Franklin SA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Current issues in the treatment of OC-spectrum conditions. | Wetterneck CT et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| In search of specificity: "not just right experiences" and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in non-clinical and clinical Italian individuals. | Ghisi M et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder and its related disorders: a reappraisal of obsessive-compulsive spectrum concepts. | Murphy DL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of the diagnostic criteria and possible subtypes and dimensional specifiers for DSM-V. | Leckman JF et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Tic disorders and the premonitory urge. | Steinberg T et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Update on deep brain stimulation for neuropsychiatric disorders. | Ward HE et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| What do low-dysfunctional beliefs obsessive-compulsive disorder subgroups believe? | Chik HM et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| High-dose glycine treatment of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder in a 5-year period. | Cleveland WL et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Moving beyond an exclusive focus on harm avoidance in obsessive-compulsive disorder: behavioral validation for the separability of harm avoidance and incompleteness. | Pietrefesa AS et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Perfectionism and sensory phenomena: phenotypic components of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Lee JC et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Symptom dimensions and subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a developmental perspective. | Leckman JF et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The behavioral spectrum of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. | Cavanna AE et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, and obsessive-compulsive disorder: how closely are they related? | FerrΓ£o YA et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Tourette syndrome. | Jimenez-Shahed J | β | 2009 | β |
| Toward an understanding of the neurobiology of "just right" perceptions: nest building in the female rabbit as a possible model for compulsive behavior and the perception of task completion. | Hoffman KL et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Validation of the University of SΓ£o Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale: initial psychometric properties. | Rosario MC et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, and bodily hallucinations in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Fontenelle LF et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Case series: Sensory intolerance as a primary symptom of pediatric OCD. | Hazen EP et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Latent class analysis of gilles de la tourette syndrome using comorbidities: clinical and genetic implications. | Grados MA et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Moving beyond an exclusive focus on harm avoidance in obsessive compulsive disorder: considering the role of incompleteness. | Pietrefesa AS et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Not just right experience: is it influenced by feelings of guilt? | Mancini F et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Sensory phenomena in obsessive-compulsive disorder and tic disorders: a review of the literature. | Prado HS et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Symptom subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder: are they relevant for treatment? | Starcevic V et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| The Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard "short-circuiting": a missing link between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder? | Fontenelle LF et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Lombroso PJ et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Behavior therapy in tic-disorders with co-existing ADHD. | DΓΆpfner M et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Effects of prepulse intensity, duration, and bandwidth on perceived intensity of startling acoustic stimuli. | Swerdlow NR et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Level of insight and clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without body dysmorphic disorder. | Nakata AC et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in sibling pairs concordant for obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Chacon P et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Chronic tics and Tourette syndrome in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Diniz JB et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Clinical features associated with treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Shavitt RG et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Co-occurring psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome. | Gaze C et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Separable noradrenergic and dopaminergic regulation of prepulse inhibition in rats: implications for predictive validity and Tourette Syndrome. | Swerdlow NR et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| The Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS): an instrument for assessing obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions. | Rosario-Campos MC et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| [The feeling of incompleteness. Rediscovery of an old psychopathological symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder]. | Ecker W et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Tourette's Syndrome. | Shavitt RG et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Tourette syndrome: the self under siege. | Leckman JF et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| A mood-as-input account of perseverative checking: the relationship between stop rules, mood and confidence in having checked successfully. | Benie MacDonald C et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Clinical expression of obsessive-compulsive disorder in women with bipolar disorder. | Issler CK et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Habit reversal training for tic disorders in children and adolescents. | Piacentini J et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Not just right experiences and obsessive-compulsive features: experimental and self-monitoring perspectives. | Coles ME et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| [Obsessive compulsive disorders associated with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome]. | Jedynak CP | β | 2005 | β |
| Prepulse inhibition of perceived stimulus intensity: paradigm assessment. | Swerdlow NR et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Tic or compulsion?: it's Tourettic OCD. | Mansueto CS et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Using animal models to develop therapeutics for Tourette Syndrome. | Swerdlow NR et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Multidimensional sensory phenomena in antipsychotic-induced akathisia. | Kim JH et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Self injurious behaviour in Tourette syndrome: correlates with impulsivity and impulse control. | Mathews CA et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| The relationship between miscellaneous symptoms and major symptom factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Summerfeldt LJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Understanding and treating incompleteness in obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Summerfeldt LJ | β | 2004 | β |
| Family-based treatment of early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Freeman JB et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| "Not just right experiences": perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive features and general psychopathology. | Coles ME et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Phenomenology of tics and natural history of tic disorders. | Leckman JF | β | 2003 | β |
| Sensorimotor integration in movement disorders. | Abbruzzese G et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Re: Bilsbury and others. More on the phenomenology of perfectionism--incompleteness. | Summerfeldt LJ et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Adults with early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Rosario-Campos MC et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| [Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a clinical study on 58 cases]. | Fen CH et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder and related conditions. | Leonard HL et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Repetitive behaviors in Tourette's syndrome and OCD with and without tics: what are the differences? | Cath DC et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Tics and its disorders. | Marcus D et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Characterization of trichotillomania. A phenomenological model with clinical relevance to obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. | O'Sullivan RL et al. | β | 2000 | β |