Adolescent self-harm and suicidal thoughts in the ALSPAC cohort: a self-report survey in England.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Kidger, Judi; Heron, Jon; Lewis, Glyn; Evans, Jonathan; Gunnell, David
- Year
- 2012
- Journal
- BMC psychiatry
- PMID
- 22737989
- DOI
- 10.1186/1471-244X-12-69
- PMCID
- PMC3439325
BACKGROUND: Substantial numbers of adolescents self-harm, but the majority of cases do not reach the attention of medical services, making community studies essential. The prevalence of suicidal thoughts and plans at this age, and the inter-relationships between suicidal thoughts, plans and self-harm remain largely unexplored. METHOD: Cross-sectional analysis of self-reported questionnaire data collected from members of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, England. Respondents (nβ=β4810) were aged 16-17βyears old and have been followed up since birth. RESULTS: Altogether 905 (18.8%) respondents had ever self-harmed. The prevalence of lifetime self-harm was higher in females (25.6%) than males (9.1%). The most commonly used method was self-cutting: this was used alone or in combination in 73.5% of episodes, compared to 10.0% who took overdoses alone or in combination with other methods. Of those who reported self-harm, 25.3% wanted to die during the most recent episode. Concurrent depression was associated with a greatly increased risk of self-harm (OR 5.43). Only 12.4% of participants sought medical help following their most recent episode of self-harm, although this figure was higher (30.1%) where self-harm was carried out with desire to die. Of the whole sample, 15.8% had ever thought of killing themselves, and 4.3% had ever made plans to kill themselves. Compared to those who had never self-harmed, those who had self-harmed but not wanted to die during the most recent episode were at increased risk of ever having had suicidal thoughts (37.6% compared to 7.8% Ο2 =102.3, pβ<β0.001) and ever making suicidal plans (8.7% compared to 0.7%, Ο2 =166.9, pβ<β0.001). As the frequency of self-harm increased, so did the risk of suicidal thoughts and plans. CONCLUSIONS: Self-harm and suicidal thoughts are common among 16/17βyear olds. Although the majority of self-harm behaviour is not accompanied by a desire to die, all self-harm regardless of motivation is associated with increased risk of suicidal thoughts and plans, particularly when it is carried out repeatedly.
Association between frequency of self-harm and how respondent felt subsequently.
Reasons given for the most recent time participants self-harmed.
Percentage of respondents who have ever self harmed or experienced suicidal thoughts, by gender.
Comparison of self-harm with desire to die and self-harm with no desire to die the most recent time by background variables, and self-harm actions and consequences.
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