Racial Differences in Exposure and Reactivity to Daily Family Stressors.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Cichy, Kelly E; Stawski, Robert S; Almeida, David M
- Year
- 2012
- Journal
- Journal of marriage and the family
- PMID
- 23543937
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00971.x
- PMCID
- PMC3608425
Using data from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE), this study examined racial differences in exposure and reactivity to daily stressors involving family members. Respondents included African American and European American adults aged 34 to 84 ( = 1,931) who participated in 8 days of daily interviews where they reported on daily stressors, affect, and physical health symptoms. Results revealed racial similarities in family stressor exposure. Both races were also emotionally reactive to family arguments and family network events (i.e., events that happen to a family member), whereas African Americans were more physically reactive to family arguments. For African Americans, reactivity to family arguments endured; the increased negative affect and physical symptoms associated with family arguments lasted into the next day. Findings provide evidence for racial similarities and differences, suggesting that family relationships are universally stressful, whereas the negative effects of family stressors are more enduring among African Americans.
Daily Family Stress Model
LLM interpretation
This is a conceptual diagram illustrating the Daily Family Stress Model. It shows a flow from "Resilience/Vulnerability Factors" (categorized by sociodemographic and psychosocial variables) through "Stressor Exposure" and "Stressor Reactivity" to "Family Stressors" and ultimately "Daily Well-Being." The model maps how individual characteristics influence the experience of family arguments and network events, which in turn impact daily affect and physical health symptoms.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| $0–$10,000 local | phenotype |
| $100,001–$150,000 local | phenotype |
| $10,001–$20,000 local | phenotype |
| $20,001–$35,000 local | phenotype |
| $35,001–$50,000 local | phenotype |
| $50,001–$75,000 local | phenotype |
| $75,001–$100,000 local | phenotype |
| African American | cohort |
| age | phenotype |
| Arguments local | phenotype |
| argument with a spouse local | phenotype |
| avoided arguments local | phenotype |
| Avoided arguments local | phenotype |
| Avoided disagreements local | phenotype |
| Avoided family argument local | phenotype |
| avoided family arguments local | phenotype |
| chronic strains local | phenotype |
| chronic stress | phenotype |
| chronic stressor exposure local | phenotype |
| college degree | phenotype |
| Compromised well-being local | phenotype |
| concern local | phenotype |
| contagion of stress local | phenotype |
| Cost of caring hypothesis local | phenotype |
| Cough local | phenotype |
| covariates local | phenotype |
| daily affect local | phenotype |
| Daily affect local | phenotype |
| daily affect (physical symptoms) local | phenotype |
| daily family stressor effects local | phenotype |
| daily family stressors local | phenotype |
| Daily family stressors local | phenotype |
| daily hassles local | phenotype |
| Daily health local | phenotype |
| daily health and well-being local | phenotype |
| Daily health and well-being local | phenotype |
| Daily Inventory of Stressful Events (DISE) local | drug |
| daily physical health symptoms local | phenotype |
| Disagreements with close family local | drug |
| disease | phenotype |
| economic strains local | phenotype |
| education | phenotype |
| Emotion | phenotype |
| emotional eating | phenotype |
| emotional reactivity | phenotype |
| emotional well-being local | phenotype |
| Emotional well-being local | phenotype |
| European Americans local | phenotype |
| European ancestry | cohort |
| exposure | phenotype |
| family argument local | phenotype |
| Family argument local | phenotype |
| family argument avoidance local | phenotype |
| family arguments local | phenotype |
| Family arguments local | drug |
| Family arguments local | phenotype |
| Family network event local | drug |
| family network events local | drug |
| family network events local | phenotype |
| Family network events local | drug |
| Family network events local | phenotype |
| family relationships | phenotype |
| family strain local | phenotype |
| Family strain local | phenotype |
| family stressor local | phenotype |
| Family stressor local | phenotype |
| Family Stressor local | phenotype |
| FAMILY STRESSOR local | phenotype |
| family stressor exposure local | phenotype |
| Family Stressor Exposure local | phenotype |
| family stressor reactivity local | phenotype |
| family stressors local | phenotype |
| Family stressors local | phenotype |
| family support | phenotype |
| Family tensions local | drug |
| financial worries local | phenotype |
| Flu and respiratory symptoms local | phenotype |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms local | phenotype |
| Global Perceptions of Family Relationship Quality local | phenotype |
| Graduate/professional degree local | phenotype |
| headache | phenotype |
| Health and well-being local | phenotype |
| health disadvantage local | phenotype |
| High school diploma/some college local | phenotype |
| income | phenotype |
| Interpersonal family tensions local | phenotype |
| interpersonal tensions local | phenotype |
| Interpersonal tensions local | phenotype |
| lagged family network events local | drug |
| Lagged Family Stressor Effect local | phenotype |
| lasting negative effects local | phenotype |
| Less than high school education | phenotype |
| marital disagreements local | phenotype |
| marital satisfaction | phenotype |
| marital status | phenotype |
| MIDUS II local | cohort |
| Milwaukee sample local | cohort |
| mood disorders | phenotype |
| More than $150,000 local | phenotype |
| NA | phenotype |
| National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE II) local | cohort |
| National Survey of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS II) local | cohort |
| nausea | phenotype |
| negative affect | phenotype |
| negative feelings local | phenotype |
| Negative relational experiences local | phenotype |
| neighborhood safety issues local | phenotype |
| Network events local | phenotype |
| network events involving family local | phenotype |
| network stressors local | phenotype |
| Never married/separated/divorced/widowed local | phenotype |
| Non-Specific Psychological Distress Scale local | phenotype |
| NSDE local | cohort |
| Other physical symptoms local | phenotype |
| Overt conflicts local | phenotype |
| Pain and musculoskeletal symptoms local | phenotype |
| panic disorder | phenotype |
| parental authority local | phenotype |
| Person | cohort |
| Person-mean frequency of family stressors local | phenotype |
| physical health | phenotype |
| Physical symptom count local | phenotype |
| physical symptoms | phenotype |
| positive affect | phenotype |
| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule | phenotype |
| Prolonged distress local | phenotype |
| Prolonged reactivity local | phenotype |
| Providing needed support to family local | phenotype |
| psychological distress | phenotype |
| Psychosocial Resilience/Vulnerability Factors local | phenotype |
| race/ethnicity | phenotype |
| racial discrimination | phenotype |
| racial groups | cohort |
| racism | phenotype |
| residential segregation | phenotype |
| sex | phenotype |
| smoking | phenotype |
| social support | phenotype |
| socioeconomic status | phenotype |
| strain | phenotype |
| stress | phenotype |
| stressful arguments local | phenotype |
| stressful life events | phenotype |
| Stressor exposure local | phenotype |
| Stressor reactivity local | phenotype |
| stressors | phenotype |
| stress response | phenotype |
| subjective well-being | phenotype |
| Teeth-related symptoms local | phenotype |
| Unexpressed tension local | phenotype |
| wealth local | phenotype |
| worry | phenotype |
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